Plant explorations; ornamentals in southern Japan

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PLANT
EXPLORATIONS

Ornamentals in

Southern Japan

September 1957

Agricultural Research Service |
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
in cooperation with

Longwood Gardens of the Longwood Foundation, Inc.

ARS 34-1 a

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

It should be noted that excellent cooperation was extended by the Japanese
research workers of the following agencies:

Special Products Section, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Kyushu Agricultural Experiment Stations at Kurume and Anno
National Agricultural Experiment Station, Hiratsuka
University of Kyoto, Faculty of Agriculture

University of Tokyo, School of Forestry

University of Kochi, Shikoku

The exploration is indebted to the forestry officers and individuals at each of the
local collecting areas who assisted with their personal attention and station facilities.
The Agricultural Attache, U.S.D,A., Tokyo, Japan, Mr. D, W. Termohlen, and his
staff provided a home abroad and did much to expedite the shipments of plants to the
United States, Without the kind of cooperation extended, many of the collections would
have been certainly delayed in shipment and the exploration might have failed.
Finally, the constant assistance of Dr. H. Takeda, Military Geology Section, U. S.
Army, Tokyo, Japan, was a great factor in the success of this undertaking. This out-
standing Japanese botanist acted as interpreter, guide, and photographer during the
entire period covered by this exploration,

John L, Creech
U. S. Plant Introduction Garden
Glenn Dale, Md.

CONTENTS
Page
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PLANT EXPLORATIONS OF ORNAMENTALS IN SOUTHERN JAPAN
INTRODUCTION

A plant exploration to investigate wild and cultivated ornamental plants was
conducted in Japan by the United States Department of Agriculture from September 30
to December 23, 1956. This undertaking was the first of a series of ornamental plant
explorations resulting from a cooperative agreement between the Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. D.,A. and the Longwood Gardens of Longwood Foundation,
Inc., Kennett Square, Pa,

The major collecting areas chosen for investigation (fig. 1) were determined
from experiences gained during a similar exploration in Japan during May-September
1955, This decision permitted a concentrated investigation of remote regions of
southern Japan where extensive broadleaved forests are under imperial control, The
exploration also concluded the observations begun in 1955 of the subalpine forests in
the Yatsugatake Mountains, Nagano Prefecture. Many of the localities had not been
explored by foreign plant collectors since the journeys of E. H. Wilson, of the Arnold
Arboretum, in 1914,

In addition to collecting in the wild, a number of small nurseries and plant
breeding stations were visited. Since the trip coincided with the flowering and exhibi-
tion of chrysanthemums, it was possible to make a rather complete collection of the
modern Japanese varieties, A number of woody plant cultivars were also obtained
from rare-plant growers in Japan, Many of these varieties, because of the popularity
of similar varieties or because they are of the basic species, will be welcomed by the
horticultural trade. It is noted that the Japanese are recognized as masters in the
matter of varietal selection,

Although collectors have explored Japan frequently, the objectives, in terms of
plant materials, have been to obtain types that would prove hardy in the more north-
erly parts of the United States, This was also true of the 1955 exploration. Most col-
lectors, however, have neglected the regions of warm temperate Japan perhaps
partly because the Japanese themselves are not entirely familiar with these places.
We would anticipate that the plants native to areas with warm-temperate and even
sub-tropical conditions might have distinct limitations in the United States. Yet, an
agro-climatic study will show that in terms of yearly variations in climate southern
Japan is remarkably like parts of southern United States. A brief survey of the plants
grown in the southern nurseries that are popular as garden plants will confirm this
statement, It should be noted, however, that most plants were introduced from culti-
vated sources in Japan rather than from the wild.

We may conclude that there remains in the forests of southern Japan a number of
plants, particularly broadleaved evergreens, that are worthwhile testing. These may
eventually provide a greater range of ornamental plants for our southern gardens than
has been available. Among the many ornamentals native to warm temperate Japan
that have become components of American gardens of the south are: Ardisia crenata,
Camellia japonica, C, sasanqua, Fatsia japonica, Ilex crenata, I, integra, Ligustrum
japonicum, Osmanthus ilicifolius, - Pittosporum tobira, Podocarpus macrophyllus,
Raphiolepis umbellata, Rhododendron spp., and Viburnum odoratissimum, From the
manner in which these species have been adapted to our climate, we can surmise that

USDA - LONGWOOD GARDENS
JAPAN PLANT EXPLORATIONS

OCT/DEC 1956

x Matsumoto <

~ |. YATSUGATAK

Legend

1-4 Collecting Areas

x Chrysanthemums and
SATSUME Nurseries

* J TANEGASHIMA
~~ YAKUSHIMA

FIGURE 1.--A general map of Japan showing the collecting areas.

BD ae

those that are yet to be introduced from the forests of Shikoku, Kyushu, and lower
Honshu will be interesting with respect to behavior and ornamental merit,

The purpose of the trip was to secure as many species as possible for introduc-
tion into the United States to determine their horticultural adequacy,

CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENT AND VEGETATION

Japan, despite being an insular empire, is unique in its climatic status owing to
its position off the great Asian land mass and the occurrence of two great monsoons,
one during the summer and the other during the winter. The summer monsoon drives
up from the southern oceans providing hot, wet weather while the winter monsoon
blows steadily down from Siberia so that the winters are colder than might be ex-
pected for an island environment, Climatewise, Japan has been compared very favor-
ably to the eastern coast of North America, It has been possible to pinpoint localities
from Maine to Mississippi that have climatic counterparts in Japan, On the whole,
precipitation in Japan is always higher than in the eastern United States but month-to-
month fluctuations in temperature and rainfall, together with the time of spring and
fall frosts, find marked similarity. As pointed out earlier, this likeness could pre-
clude a comparable adaptation of woody plants and the great array of Japanese plants
introduced successfully into eastern United States during the past 100 years is largely
due to the similarity in climate of the coastal areas of the United States and Japan,

The great potential for finding additional plant materials in Japan is explained by
the fact that Japan is one of the most heavily forested of civilized countries, Mountain
forests occupy no less than 55 percent of the land mass, High rainfall during the
growing season, accompanied by adequate temperatures have caused these forests to
be luxuriant in woody plants. Because the Japanese have practiced careful silviculture
for many centuries, great forests are under imperial control and certain parts of
them are allowed to remain ina natural state of development, Collecting is not per-
mitted in such areas, without good basis.

Other forests, such as the forest of the Grand Gegu shrine on Kii Peninsula, are
restricted by religious control. Here, collecting is sanctioned only after careful de-
liberation. To comprehend the magnitude of the virgin forests of Japan and to behold
the splendor of luxuriant warm-temperate, broadleaved evergreen forests, itis
necessary to make arrangements for an exploration into the restricted tracts where
the path, which may begin at a Shinto Torii (gate) or a Buddhist temple, leads into a
wilderness carefully protected for centuries.

These broadleaved evergreen forests are found mostly on the islands of Kyushu,
Shikoku, and lower Honshu from sea level to 2,400 to 2,600 feet elevation, Above this
point deciduous-conifer forests dominate up to about 6,000 feet. Rarely are there true
alpine zones in these areas, On the tiny island of Yaku, in the China Sea, however, a
zone occurs above the timberline that is alpine where many dwarf plants grow, (This
island actually has the highest elevation of all Kyushu. ) In certain places, the forests
are restricted because the hills fall directly to the ocean in wave-cut plateaus, or the
terrain may descend gently to the water so that broadleaved evergreen trees become
dwarfed by the constant wind and reduced fertility of the beach area,

The collecting areas, exclusive of the Yatsugatake Mountains, were similar in
climatic and geological characteristics, The winters are the mildest of all Japan and
are generally cold but accompanied by sunny weather and little rain. January is the
coldest month and in southern Shikoku and around the Kii Peninsula, there is a mean
January temperature of approximately 43° F. A minimum of 18° F, has been re-
corded. The frost-free period is between 240 and 280 days; the snow falls six or seven

times during the winter but does not accumulate. August is the hottest month with a
mean of 80° F, Rainfall is greatest during the summer months with a July maximum
of 8 to 17 inches and least in January with a maximum of 2 to 3 inches. The annual
precipitation is between 50 to 100 inches, Tanegashima is similar to the main south-
ern Japanese islands but experiences less cold. Yakushima, however, with its high
mountains has a climatic range that varies from frost-free at sea level to severe cold
in the uplands (Hana-no-ego--4, 800 ft. altitude), where the snow attains several feet
and lasts until early March. Typhoons, which occur during September and October,
are characteristic of the whole area,

The soils in the mountain forests are Lithosols. They are thin, stony surface
soils, acid, and low in fertility. Owing to the rugged relief, their immature nature,
and low fertility, forestry is about the only agriculture these regions will support.

The best mountain sites are planted to Cryptomeria japonica while Chamaecyparis
obtusa will grow well at higher elevations and under the poorer conditions of soil.

COLLECTING AREAS
The general areas where major collections were made are, as follows:

1, The Yatsugatake Mountains, Nagano Prefecture: To continue observations
initiated in 1955, on hollies and late flowering azaleas. (Oct. 8-12)

2, The capes of Muroto and Ashizuri, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku: To explore
the cape flora and broadleaved evergreen forests. (Oct. 14-22)

3. A survey of Kii Peninsula, where several climax forests exist. (Oct. 24-31)

4, Explorations on the islands of Yaku and Tanega and the Satsuma Peninsula,
Kyushu. (Nov. 16-Dec. 10)

5. Tour of chrysanthemum nurseries and other plant culture centers. (Nov. 4-
15; Dec. 12-20).

The discussion of this itinerary is divided into two parts:

1. A general discussion of each collecting trip with comments on the general
area, presentation of a few agronomic observations, and notes on plants
that appeared to be outstanding or otherwise of interest.

2, A listing of accessions that were obtained and received Plant Introduction
numbers, Such listing includes the scientific name, field number, anda
brief description. Identity of the accessions is, of course, subject to further
verification by the herbarium specimens. In general, however, identifica-
tions are fairly accurate owing to the quality of the Japanese assistants who
participated in the exploration,

Ornamental plant research workers and others who are concerned with the kinds
of plants discussed here may obtain further information by writing to:

U. S. Plant Introduction Garden

Crops Research Division

Agricultural Research Service, U.S.D.A.
Box 88, Glenn Dale, Md.

The Yatsugatake Mountains
(Oct. 8-12)

The Yatsugatake Mountains (35°55' N, 138°20' E.) is a group of inactive volcanic
peaks arranged ina slightly curved line, running north and south in Nagano Prefec-
ture for a distance of approximately 12 miles. All of the major peaks exceed 7, 000
feet altitude, the highest peak being 9,508 feet in altitude. The lower elevations have
all been cleared of natural forests and replanted to larch, but above 4, 800 feet alti-
tude natural stands of fir and hemlock exist.

We traveled from Tokyo by rail to a small town called Chino, not far from Suwa
Lake, where a mountain innkeeper had arranged to meet us witha jeep. The moun-
tain roads are pitifully poor at this time of the year. It required about 4 hours to
grind our way up to Shibuyo Onsen (inn) which is situated at 4, 950 feet altitude. Since
we had collected here during the summer of 1955, we were familiar with much of the
terrain and the vegetation, Our main interest was to collect late-flowering forms of
Rhododendron japonicum, This azalea inhabits open fields, especially the more boggy
plateaus. It normally flowers in early May. Both yellow and orange forms grow wild
on this mountain, We had observed several orange-flowered plants in bloom on July 20,
1955, but owing to the time of year it was impossible to secure living collections,
Therefore, our local collector had visited this meadow during the summer of 1956 and
had placed large stakes in the late-blooming clumps. When we arrived in October, the
majority of clumps of R. japonicum had already defoliated, but those which were late-
flowering held green leaves even at this late date. A number of root suckers and sev-
eral capsules were gathered from these late individuals for observation and possible
breeding.

This mountainous region contained a number of familiar woody plants, many of
which are in cultivation in the United States; but there also were species that have not
succeeded in cultivation as yet. Of these, Ilex geniculata, a deciduous holly with red
fruits on long stalks was the most noteworthy. The edges of the fields and wooded
slopes contained such species as: Hydrangea paniculata; Clethra barbinervis, that
grew stiffly upright to about 10 feet and terminated in nodding clusters of fruits;
Ligustrum ciliatum a spreading privet that usually remained less than 4 feet high; and
Sorbus rufo-ferrugi -ferruginea, readily discerned by the brilliance of the red autumnal foli-
age. Isolated colonies of Chamaecyparis obtusa occurred in open places. We noteda
small araliad, Kalopanax sciadophylloides, with a distinct columnar habit on rocky
slopes. On the wettest parts of the meadow among cinnamon ferns, Trollius
hondoensis, a yellow-flowered perennial and Hemerocallis thunbergii, with lemon
yellow, fragrant flowers, prospered. While on bare ground, among stone chips,
Scabiosa japonica, mostly purple but occasionally pink or white was still in flower.

Following a trail up into the chilly coniferous forest, we began to explore the area
for ground-covering plants. Cornus canadensis, with red fruits, and Linnaea borealis,
a white-flowered species, indicate the character of the area for these species are
also native to the colder regions of the North American continent. In occasional
clearings, Lilium medioloides, with false whorls of leaves could be found. Convallaria
keiskei, the Japanese lily-of- the valley, was covered with orange fruits. Ericaceous
plants were abundant of which the following were noted: Pieris nana, Arctous
japonicus, Gaultheria miqueliana (of which my guide, H. Takeda is the authority),
Rhododendron fauriae and Vaccinium vitis-idaea,

Ilex rugosa, a prostrate, evergreen holly, was a dominant plant along the forest
floor. Scrambling over decayed logs and scarcely larger than the thick mats of sphag-
num into which it had rooted, this holly covered several acres. Yet only a handful of

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the red berries could be collected. This failure to produce an abundant crop of seeds
seemed consistent for this species. A number of female plants and some fruits were
collected. (It has been recorded by the Japanese that where I, rugosa and I, leucoclada
grow together, a natural hybrid can be found.) After reaching an elevation of about
7,500 feet altitude, we retraced our trail down the mountain to the inn where we as-
sembled our collections, completed field notes, and prepared for our return.

We descended by jeep to Chino pausing along the trail to collect fruits of the many
shrubs that grew by the wayside, The scrub was a tangle of deciduous shrubs and
vines such as Berchemia racemosa, a scandent species with reddish-black fruits;
Lindera obtusiloba, a small shrub with yellow flowers prior to the leaves in spring;
and Schizandra chinensis, a vine with whitish flowers in June followed by orange
berries in the fall. Rosa multiflora and Rhododendron obtusum var, kaempferi were
everywhere, Enkianthus campanulatus could be readily distinguished by its whorled
yellow leaves, From Chino we returned to Tokyo by express.

Explorations In Southern Shikoku
(Oct. 14-22)

Southern Shikoku (fig, 2) is characterized by two prominent land features--the
capes of Muroto and Ashizuri, The climate of this part of Japan simulates central
Georgia across to Mississippi, inclusive of the gulf area. The terrain is extensively
mountainous, The land may drop to the ocean in steep cliffs that support only herba-
ceous plants or the descent may be more gradual where broadleaved evergreen forests
grew down to the narrow, rocky beaches,

Kochi is the major city, lying inland from Tosa Bay, It is the starting place for
any travels to the south, Our first exploration in this area was to Cape Muroto(33015!'
N. 134°11' E,). We reached it by traveling on a winding dirt road along a coastline
where the black sandy beaches were lined with huge trees of Pinus thunbergii, the
Japanese black pine. Standing on the beach road at Muroto, one can see a great broad-
leaved forest that ascends steeply, presenting a mosaic of greens. The evergreen
oaks, Quercus cuspidata and Q, sieboldii, are among the largest trees in this forest.
The more common woody plants in this association were Camellia japonica, Eurya

japonica, Ficus erecta, Ligustrum japonicum, and Pittosporum tobira, tobira, Lesser known
species occurring here were Prunus zippeliana, Distylium racemosum, Machilus

thunbergii, Ilex integra, and Podocarpus nagi. Shrubs include Maesa japonica,
Lasianthus satsumensis, a rubiaceous shrub with large blue fruits; Damnacanthus
indicus; Sarcandra glabra; and several evergreen species of Symplocos--S, glauca,
S. prunifolia, and S. lancifolia,

Along the beach, Quercus wrightii, with gnarled wind-form, grew among) huge
rocks, Other salt-spray tolerant plants found just behind the beach, were Rapiolepis
umbellata, Pittosporum tobira, Ficus erecta, and Eurya emarginata. The narrow,
level beach was covered by by small stones. es. Here, Rosa wichuriana; Dianthus japonicus,
with bright pink flowers; Lactuca keiskeana, yellow-flowered and with succulent
leaves; Lathyrus maritimus; and a prostrate legume, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, a
rugged plant with a deep extensive root system that strongly defied the removal of the
shrub, spread rampantly.

The forest was rich in cryptogamic flora, Several interesting ferns, such as the
tiny Pteris cretica var. albo-lineata, Rumohra aristata, and Osmunda bromeliifolia,
flourished. Psilotum nudum occasionally could be found among rotted tree stumps.

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At Kochi, we paused long enough to visit a serpentine hill with several interesting
deciduous trees and shrubs in the flora. Corylopsis spicata, a deciduous shrub with
bright yellow flowers in March, before the leaves,is endemic to this locality. Ilex
serrata, a deciduous, red-fruited holly, and Viburnum erosum, a red-fruited species
that has never succeeded too well as a garden plant, were noted.

Ashizuri-zaki (32°44' N, 133°01' E.) is a heavily forested cape isolated except
for a narrow road that traverses two mountain passes. Along the valleys, Camellia
sasanqua was found in bloom, The trees were 18 to 25 feet tall, evidently escapes for
I saw only one locality where this species was probably natural. We journeyed to
Nakamura village and traveled through magnificent reforested areas of Cryptomeria
to the small port of Shimizu. From here, we traveled to the very tip of the cape,
making our headquarters at the forestry bureau official's residence, Ashizuri-zaki
ends in an abrupt sea-cliff. At this point, Nakai, a leading Japanese botanist, once
counted 148 woody species. The abrupt rocky sea walls encouraged no woody plants
but extensive colonies of Hemerocallis aurantiaca var, littorea abound,

It was a most rewarding sight to approach the sea-cliff through groves of gnarled
Camellia japonica and to step out onto a terrace of Zoysia japonica to find this beauti-
ful daylily in bloom by the thousands. Peucedanum japonicum with large columbine-
like leaves and heads of white flowers was scattered among them,

From the sea-cliff, we returned to the dense undergrowth, heavily populated by
gray, distorted, multi-stemmedclumps of camellia, Among the trees not previously
noted was Actinodaphne lancifolia, with handsome variegated brown and white bark.
Ilex integra occurred frequently; this species had the largest fruit of any Japanese
species of holly. Some trees of this species reached 30 to 40 feet. Euonymus japoni-
cus and Pittosporum tobira were seen frequently and lianes and ephiphytes were
everywhere. Among the ferns, Angiopteris suboppositifolia had fronds up to 9 feet
long. A succulent-leaved evergreen tree found here was Ardisia sieboldii, Damnacan-
thus indicus also inhabited the moist, shaded woodlands, as did Viburnum awabuki.
This red-fruited evergreen Viburnum species probably has its northern limit here but
grows abundantly throughout the warmer Ryukyu Islands.

As noted previously, Camellia Japonica was common but azaleas were almost
nonexistent, Neither the common Rhododendron kaempferi nor R, indicum grows here,
R. weyrichii was the only extensive species.

Several ancient Buddhist temples have been erected near the cape but few plants
of interest have been used in the plantings, Thus we left Ashizuri-zaki, returned to
Kochi, and went on to Kotohira City, in northern Shikoku. At our inn, where the 1955
visit was still remembered, excellent quarters were provided, This inn cultivates a
fine array of ornamentals, ternstroemia, azaleas, hollies, and numerous herbaceous
species, from which a variegated-leaved form of Iris japonica and Ternstroemia
makof were secured.

In the enormous Shinto shrine area, many large trees of Camellia sasanqua have
been cultivated for centuries. Because these were quite ancient plants and large-
flowered, we secured cuttings of each type despite the fact that they were unnamed. A
part of the shrine is a Fuji-like hill called Zodzusan, A few plants of Ilex crenata
grew on the slopes and Rhododendron serpyllifolium was found, The dominant azalea,
however, was the red-flowered R. weyrichii that reached 15 feet in height and had
trunks 3 to 4 inches thick. Neolitsia sp., a camphorlike tree, was noted here, It is an
evergreen with 2 to 3 red fruits ina clustet. Having visited Kotohira during a journey
in 1955 across northern Shikoku, our stay was limited to 2 days. We returned by
steamer across the Inland Sea to Okayama and journeyed by rail back to Tokyo.

Kii Peninsula
(Oct; -24'= 3:0)

Kii Peninsula (fig. 2), lacking alluvial plains, is isolated by rugged mountains
and is one of the least populated areas of southern Japan, Transportation is mostly by
coastal shipping or over poor, dirt roads that wind tediously through the mountains,
Knowledge of the plants is mostly local but it is said to be unusually rich in various
types of evergreen woody plants of a warm temperate and subtropical nature,

The four major stops on this peninsula were:
1, Tanabe and adjoining Kashima (33°944' N, 135°23' E.)
2. Kushimoto and Oshima (33°27! N, 135°46' E.)
3. Nachisan and Shingu (Approx. 33°944' N, 135°59' E.)
4, Yamada (Approx. 34934'N, 136°34' E,)

Our first collecting locality was a small island called Kashima, near Tanabe.
Owing to its sacred status, it has been left entirely to primeval vegetation. Huge trees
of Aphananthe aspera, an elmlike species reaching 60 feet, covered the whole island.
We also observed that Bauhinia japonica grew as a liana and probably reached its
northern limit here, The seeds of this plant are used to make short necklaces for
Buddhist ceremonies. Cocculus trilobus grew on fallen tree trunks; it climbed over
other plants along the cleared beach. The luxuriant foliage and bright blue clustered
fruits made this climber especially attractive.

After exploring this tiny island we continued across the bay to Shirahama, a
former pearl culturing center, The hillsides were shaded by some trees of Quercus
phillyraeoides larger than usually encountered, These had trunks 1 foot or more in
diameter and reached more than 30 feet. It was here that Ardisia villosa was first
encountered and grew as a restricted ground-covering plant in shady places. Calli-
carpa mollis, with small purple fruits and very hairy leaves reached 10 feet but it is
definitely inferior to others of this genus from an ornamental viewpoint. Of the ferns,
Dicranopteris dichotoma may be of garden use. The rhizomes are thick and ramifying
and the fronds are evergreen and deeply pinnate, The area was rather disturbed and
only a few wild plants of interest were noted. Therefore, we left the locality and
traveled by 3rd class train down to the lowest point of the Kii Peninsula, stopping at
Kushimoto, From here we took passage to a small island called Oshima, This is a
typical fishing community where little agriculture is practiced. Occasionally we found
small orchards of a citrus, Fortunella margarita, The natives surrounded their
homes with tall hedges formed from Distylium racemosum, an evergreen tree native
to the island, A small experimental garden is maintained by Kyoto University where
Camellia oleifera is cultivated for oil. Of the plants which occurred along the trails,
Ilex rotunda, with its dense clusters of small red fruits and glossy, entire leaves was
the most outstanding tree. Other species noted were Dendropanax trifida, with its 3
to 5 lobed leaves; Machilus thunbergii, Rapanea neriifolia, an evergreen tree or large
shrub with narrow oleanderlike foliage, and Viburnum japonicum, an evergreen, red-
fruited species pendant with heavy fruit clusters. The tiny ground-cover, Trachelo-
spermum asiaticum, also was abundant. The most common cultivated plants were
Alpinia and Crinum asiaticum, Crinum asiaticum has huge seeds that resemble bulbs.
According to the local farmers it is highly resistant to salt water.

At Nachi, there is a densely forested tract that is a part of the famous Kumano
Gongen Shrine. Several small streams flow through the region that merge into a
waterfall about 400 feet high. We pursued a trail above this fall through a planted
forest of Cryptomeria japonica and into an uncut jungle of vines and dense shrubs.
Euchresta Japonica, an almost extinct evergreen legume with dark purple fruits, was
fairly common, During my previous journey to Japan, I had searched widely for this
species for it is reputed to be of medicinal value, I had previously located only a few
plants that were protected against collecting. Here, it was fairly common, Lasianthus
satsumensis and L, japonicus also flourished, These species bore both clusters of
small white flowers and pale blue fruits. Horticulturally, their differences are minor
but I do not know that they have ever been tried in cultivation in the United States. A
small, succulent ground cover spread over moist rocks and poked into the stone walls.
This urticaceous plant, Pellionia minima, with purplish-green stems is a plant for
dense shade, coolness, and high moisture,

After traveling up through the forest for several hours, we reached the top of the
pass where hemlocks and falsecypress towered. There were the usual orchid epiphytes,
but it was impossible to reach them as the trees grew off at an angle from the edge of
the cliff. Even the local forester, who normally would climb any tree, declined to
attempt the collection. Frequently, we collected orchids where cryptomerias had re-
cently been cut and still lay on the ground.

Descending from the pass, we plunged into a damp, gloomy woods along the
stream and came upon a second but smaller waterfall. Here, the filmy ferns, Hymeno-
phyllum, grew in the stream-eroded, dripping walls. At drier localities we observed
several ericads, such as Rhododendron serpyllifolium, the azalea with the smallest
leaves being less than one-fourth inch long, anda leafless ericad, Hugeria japonica,
It more nearly resembled an epiphyte than a terrestrial plant. Asarum, the wild
ginger, was rather common, sometimes with plain green heart-shaped leaves but
occasionally with richly mottled foliage. A cold rain dampened the whole aspect dur-
ing the return journey, Later at the city of Shingu we paused to inspect a floating
sphagnum bog and found it to be a composite of cool-temperate and warm-temperate
piants. Ilex sugeroki, 1, serrata, Photinia villosa, and Daphniphyllum humile were
all characteristic of northern Japan, During some era, warm-temperate plants such
as Vaccinium bracteatum, Ardisia villosa, Pittosporum tobira, and Myrica rubra had
invaded the bog to thrive in this soggy environment.

From Shingu, we traveled by jeep and bus over Yanokawa Pass (2, 400 ft. alti-
tude) to Oase. At first the vegetation was warm-temperate but at the top of the pass,
distinctly cool-temperate plants flourished, namely, Ilex geniculata, with red hanging
fruits, Prunus serrulata, Cornus kousa, Pieris japonica, and many trees of Carpinus,
almost covered with ripe seeds. Shortly after we had passed the summit and began to
descend, Camellia japonica became noticeable and huge specimens of Idesia polycarpa,
with red, grapelike clusters of fruits towered above the road,

Our final stop on Kii Peninsula was the forest of the Grand Shrine of Ise, partic-
ularly in the Jingu shrine. This is the finest example of Shinto shrine architecture.
The temples are constructed entirely of Hinoki cypress, polished to a brilliant orange.
To provide the timber to continue the erection of new structures, a large forest of
Hinoki cypress is maintained, A part of the forest is permitted to develop naturally
and collecting is rarely sanctioned. Fortunately, the chief forester was a student of
our guide, Dr. Takeda, and we gained entrance. This area is unusually warm and
some subtropical species grow here. The main forest is said to contain trees over
1,000 years old. A small stand of Loropetalum chinense occurred and was thought to
be natural, There are only ten trees but apparently it was abundant several hundred
years ago, The trees are multistemmed, about 20 feet tall, and bloom both fall and

= Ok

spring, with tiny whitish flowers, (This species is hardy at Glenn Dale, Md., often
remaining somewhat evergreen in winter.) The principal trees are the evergreen
oaks, Quercus cuspidata and Q. glauca but of greatest interest was the evergreen
symplocos species, which were large trees. One in particular, Symplocos theophras-
taefolia, had leaves that resembled Ilex latifolia; several times seedlings were shown
to me as that holly. Prunus spinulosa, a rare evergreen cherry with spiny, crisp
leaves, occurred here, This tree should be a fine addition to our southern gardens for
its foliage is handsome and it grows rapidly, reaching 20 feet in height, It can be in-
creased by cuttings easily and it transplants well. We had seen Damnacanthus indicus
several times earlier, This is a remarkable small plant, with its foliage and branches
in fanlike arrangement. Buta different species occurred here, This was D, macro-
phyllus, a larger shrub, with leaves about 1 to 2 inches long, purple colored when
young. It is spined and has red berries, Pellionia, Ficus pumila, Ardisia japonica,
A. villosa, Trachelospermum asiaticum, and Epimedium macranthum are good
ground-covers which thrived in this forest and should be tested as such. A notably
good representation of holly species was found, namely, Ilex crenata, I, hanceana,

I. integra, I, pedunculosa, I. rotunda, and I. serrata. Ilex latifolia was said to occur
but I saw only cultivated specimens. In the arboretum, several conifers flourished but
I was surprised to find Sciadopitys verticillata growing so well in a warm-temperate
atmosphere. We gathered several cones and extracted a quantity of seed. The seed of
this species germinates immediately when fresh,

While most of the trees were of academic and horticultural interest, several
were of religious significance, In addition to the use of Hinoki cypress for all con-
struction, Meliosma rigida was used in a whirling gimlet to ignite sparks as it bored
into a block of Hinoki, The same method has been used for centuries to light the fires
in the temples and the practice is continued today.

During our stay at Yamada city, we visited a grower of curious varieties of
Psilotum nudum, This rare cryptogam was in vogue for centuries. As many as 200
varieties had been developed with cristate and distorted stems. This leafless plant
makes interesting pot subjects and is easy to cultivate. Gradually, interest in this
plant has diminished; today, scarcely 30 types are cultivated. Several kinds were
purchased and brought back to the United States for observation because they are not
known in our culture and will shortly cease to exist in Japan. From Yamada we re-
turned to Tokyo to ship our collections and to prepare for our next journey.

(Although the period of November 1-15 was devoted to a tour of chrysanthemum
nurseries and other horticultural centers, to permit continuity of the collecting in the
wild, discussion of the chrysanthemum tour is presented on page 18. )

Yakushima, Tanegashima, and Southern Kyushu
Nov. 16-Dec, 10

Yakushima and Tanegashima lie about 70 miles of the Kyushu port of Kagoshima,
at the edge of the China Sea, The islands form a part of the chain extending from
Kyushu to Formosa and are a part of the Prefecture of Kagoshima. These islands
have been a constant collecting ground for Japanese botanists. Yakushima, in partic-
ular, has been noted for the extent of its woody flora and E, H. Wilson considered it
"a plant collector's paradise,"'

We first visited the agricultural experiment station at Kurume, Kyushu, to out-
line the course of the exploration, It was also intended that some of the collections
would be sent only as far as Kurume to be held until our return, Two members of the
station staff, Mr. S. Abe and Mr. T. Tamoura, took part in the journey, acting as

a Ils

guides and collecting plants that were of interest to them. Prior to leaving Kyushu, we
visited the University of Kagoshima where herbarium specimens and plant lists of
Yakushima are held. The local, botanist, S. Hatsushima, was able to pinpoint areas
that would be worth visiting to obtain rare species.

Yakushima (fig. 3) is a small, round island about 14 miles across. It is sur-
mounted by the highest peaks of the Kyushu area. The highest mountain is Miyanoura-
dake (6, 348 feet altitude). The flora of this island closely follows the geological
structure, of which granite represents about 70 percent of the land mass, This forma-
tion covers the central part of the island and extends to the western side. Surrounding
this is a horseshoe-like region of mesazoic rock that extends from the northern side
of the island to the southwestern side ina band from about 300 feet to 1, 800 feet in
altitude. The vegetative units are largely determined by these two geological forma-
tions. A coastal savanna occurs along the river estuaries. Near the mouth of the
Kurio River, a true mangrove formation of Kandelia candele has developed. The
broadleaved evergreen forests occur up to about 1, 800 feet altitude. Above this is a
vast stand of conifers, mainly cryptomeria and fir, with some deciduous trees, up to
5,500 feet altitude. Above the forested zone, a subalpine climate prevails; here, the
plants are mostly dwarfed. The chief species is a rampant bamboo, Sasa owatarii.
The climate and vegetation vary from subtropical through cool-temperate to sub-

alpine.

YAKUSHIMA

(wov.19-0€C¢.1) ae «“
Hananoe¥$c g

Scale |:250000

4 Miles

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FIGURE 3.--Map of Yakushima, showing routes of travel on the island.

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The most rewarding collecting areas followed the formations of mesazoic rock,
roughly from the village of Nagata on the northwestern coast to Kurio on the south-
western side, These villages mark the limits of the broadleaved evergreen forests,
The western side of the island is notably poor in plant communities since the granite
formation abutts the ocean. No towns or passable roads exist on this part of the
island.

About 1,100 species of plants are listed for Yakushima, These may roughly be
divided into the following groups: Cryptogams, 212; gymnosperms, 14; dicots, 609;
and monocots, 280. These species extend over the entire island since only the small
alluvial areas are cultivated, Thus, it was necessary to make a complete tour of the
island in order to observe the major communities of plants.

Forestry is the major agricultural pursuit of Yakushima. The logs from the
stands of cryptomeria are especially prized for their beautiful grain and used mainly
for veneer for Japanese homes. Cryptomeria from this island is called ''Yakusugi."'
A secondary forestry industry is the distillation of camphor oil from Cinnamomum
camphora,

Certain areas on the warm southern side of Yakushima are devoted to the culture
of a large, loose-skinned sweet citrus called Ponkan, It is a special product of the
island. The trees are grafted onto either the wild Citrus tachibana or Poncirus
trifoliata,

The population of Yakushima is scattered around the perimeter of the island ina
series of small villages, of which Ambo is the largest, and Miyanoura is next, Both
ports are shipping centers for cryptomeria logs. A single mountain village occurs
about 2,500 feet altitude at Kosugidani and it can only be reached by a narrow-gauge
lumber railroad. An airstrip for light aircraft having just been completed at Koseida,
it was possible to fly out living collections to Kyushu. From Kyushu, the plants were
taken to Tokyo by rail and then sent by the Agricultural Attaché to the U.S. D.A.
Plant Inspection House, Washington, D. C.

Prior to the present collecting trip, E. H. Wilson last collected on Yakushima
for the Arnold Arboretum in 1914. However, the Japanese botanists have been very
active in vegetational surveys so that it was possible to determine exact locations for
some of the rarer species, for example, Ilex liukiuensis that occurs only along the
Isso River and Lagerstroemia fauriei that was isolated in the hills above Kurio, There
remains on the island a relic which is called ''Wilson's stump", for when E, H.
Wilson viewed this cryptomeria, he remarked that it was the largest living specimen
he had seen, The stump is 35 feet across at the base.

We traveled first to the northern part of the island as far as the Nagata Light.
Camellia sasanqua grew wild along the beach road and was covered with flowers of
various sizes but always pure white. In the undergrowth and on rocky ledges,
Ligularia tussilaginea was particularly abundant and conspicuous because of the heads
of bright yellow daisylike flowers. Hibiscus mutabilis was also in bloom, with large
pink or white blooms but aside from these, the great show of color was that provided
by the fruiting of the many woody plants, Occasionally terrestrial orchids were in
flower but in most instances these were inconspicuous,

The Isso River drops swiftly from the mountains. We followed its twisting course
back up into the hills, often crossing from bank to bank by leaping over gigantic
granite boulders that were lodged in the streambed, Often the trees and shrubs grew
in midstream where the rocks had accumulated debris and soil, It was in such a lo-
cality that we found Ilex liukiuensis. This evergreen holly was prolific in its fruiting

igh bees

habit and the berries were bright red, It has never been in cultivation, Ilex integra
also occurred along the banks of the Isso River. In shady places, Sarcandra glabra
was a common shrub and bore terminal clusters of either orange or red fruit, On the
rocks and along tree trunks, climbing ferns were frequently seen. Of the trees ob-
served along this river, those which should be of ornamental interest are: Elaeocarpus
japonicus, an evergreen tree with gray bark, leaves more-or-less whorled, and
racemes of blue fruits; and Stachyurus lancifolius, a deciduous tree with small yellow
flowers before the leaves. Of the terrestrial orchids, several species of Goodyera
with distinct leaf markings grew in the damp humus, A Calanthe with spikes of bright
yellow flowers was in full bloom and the most colorful of the orchids for it occurred
in colonies of possibly fifty plants.

Returning along the sea road, we found Smilax china scrambling on the sunny
banks. This vine is almost thornless and has large red berries. Kadsura japonica,
Morinda umbellata, and Alpinia kumatake were abundant on the roadsides. Elaeagnus
crispa was widespread in abandoned fields and along the roadsides, The berries
sometimes were quite large and edible, They were about the size of a wild cherry and
acid,

We returned to the small inn at Miyanoura, packed plants for air shipment,
sorted out seed lots to dry, and assembled the dried specimens. Our next trip sur-
veyed the Miyanoura River which drops gently from the hills and has a broad alluvial
plain, Along here we inspected several small camphor distillation plants. The out-
standing shrubs along the trail were Callicarpa japonica var. luxurians and C. tosaen-
sis. These grew to 15 feet, overarched by ponderous clusters of purple fruit. I have
never observed Callicarpa fruiting so abundantly in cultivation. As we entered the
denser part of the forest, Asarums appeared in numbers, This shade-loving plant has
large heart-shaped leaves mottled with many combinations of green, It grew in vari-
ous habitats, sometimes on the forest floor in humus and again clinging to the sides of
steep rocky streambeds, The leaves were 6 to 8 inches long.

As we reached higher elevations, the vertical, eroded stream walls were
pocketed with small plants of Rhododendron indicum and in midstream the plants de-
veloped into dense, low thickets. Surprisingly, many of the plants were in full bloom
although it was November. Camellia sasanqua, bloomed along the river bank, The
combination of the brick-red azaleas and the white camellias was a magnificent color
display. Stepping back a few paces into the damp forest, we found the small but
always delightful Damnacanthus indicus covered with red berries, and the previously
noted Calanthe covering a swale with its spikes of yellow flowers. The trees were
entwined with Psychotria serpens, an evergreen vine that has white fruit.

Having explored the broadleaved evergreen forests of northern Yakushima, we
moved our base camp to the forestry office at Ambo, We ascended Miyanouradake by
a small lumber train to as far as the camp called Kosugi-dani, about 2, 500 feet alti-
tude. The forests had begun to lose their evergreen character although Camellia
sasanqua still occurred sporadically. We counted hundreds of trees of Stewartia
monodelphia which were completely defoliated but spectacular with their polished
orange trunks that stood out from the dark cryptomeria foliage, This tree was espe-
cially prolific in the mountains, sometimes reaching 50 feet in height. The trail to
the upper meadows of Miyanouradake led through the large forests of cryptomeria and
firs. Along the way, large clumps of Rhododendron metternichii grew everywhere.
Sometimes, large branches of the conifers, sweeping off at a low angle, would accu-
mulate forest duff and the rhododendrons would spring up on the branches almost in an
epiphytic manner. Rhododendron tashiroi, a small azalea, was occasionally in flower,
purple with a reddish blotch. A holly that is closely related to Ilex crenata occurred
up to about 4,500 feet altitude. This is I, mutchagara, an evergreen species with

6 MNeabs

black fruit. Daphniphyllum macropodum, with red petioles, occurred in sunny
localities reaching to 30 feet. The size of Clethra barbinervis was astonishing, for
some of the clumps reached 30 feet or more in height.

Hana-no-ego (Flowering Swamp) is a subalpine sphagnum bog about 5, 200 feet
altitude. Here, Juniperus chinensis var, sargentii flourished in large pendulous
clumps. This variety with its grayish, threadlike adult branchlets scarcely resembles
the juvenile form so commonly grown in the United States. As we wandered around
the soggy meadow, the following plants were noted: Buxus microphylla var, japonica,
Eurya yakusimensis, Rhododendron yakusimanum, R, metternichii, and Viburnum
urceolatum. Occasionally a plant of Pieris japonica grew around the drier perimeter
of the swamp but no azaleas occurred here, It was interesting to note how well the
plants grew in this cool, moist atmosphere and high water table, for every footprint
left a reservoir of water.

Returning from Hana-no-ego, we passed a number of specimens of a Camellia
called Camellia hayaoi, It had large, shiny, black fruits and according to my guide,
small red flowers that only partly opened. It differs in other minor details from
C, japonica and may be only a form of that species.

We concluded our collecting in the mountains, returned to Ambo by the narrow-
gauge railroad, and proceeded around the southern coast to a town called Kurio, This
region had been heavily felled for logs and was ina state of semi-devastation, It had
been a privately owned forest and was in sharp contrast to the fine silvicultural prac-
tices of the imperial Japanese foresters. The logging road had been abandoned and
camphor distillation and charcoal burning were removing the remainder. of the large
trees. In these hills, we found Lagerstroemia fauriei, This deciduous tree with brown
and green flaky bark grows to 30 feet. The flowers are white, Only a few trees of
this endemic species were noted; it was evident that it would soon be extinct in the
wild. Acer rufinerve was widespread along the rocky streams, brilliant yellow in its
fall color. The trunk of this maple is striped green and white.

We followed along the beaches of the southern part of the island where Canavalia
lineata was rampant and covered the sand with bright yellow flowers and large hairy
pods. Buddleia curviflora grew in sunny places along the beach road and had nodding
spikes of purple flowers, The few streams had mostly dried up but among the rocks
terrestrial orchids such as Calanthe, Dendrobium, and Goodyera occurred. Chrysan-
themum indicum and C, japonense also flourishedin the baked soil and bright sunlight
and matted the ground with many white flowers having yellow centers.

The coast between Ambo and Miyanoura is exceedingly rocky and the huge stones
sheltered several woody shrubs, The gnarled and twisted windforms sometimes were
swept flat along the rocky surfaces, Raphiolepis umbellata, Quercus wrightii, and
Rhododendron lateritium were among the plants found here. Two species of cinnamon,
C, brevifolium and C. daphnoides, were especially of interest for both were shrubby
plants, evergreen, and highly suited to the dry conditions of the coastal areas, We
noted that these same species were sometimes used as ornamental plants by the
islanders, They are not of value for spice.

Because the high seas prevented the return of the steamer, we returned once
more to the Isso River area where additional collections were secured--mostly
orchids, ferns, and herbaceous plants, Final air shipments of plants were made and
on December 1, we were able to embark on the Chofukumaru for the short journey to
Tanegashima, The islands are only about 12 miles apart.

= Ne

Tanegashima (fig. 4) is a narrow island approximately 36 miles long and 8 miles
wide, It is devoid of high mountains and largely given over to agricultural programs,
particularly new crops. Because this island is among the southernmost territories of
Japan certain subtropical and specialty crops probably can be grown here. At present,
rice, sugarcane, and sweet potatoes are the principal crops. Certain areas, removed
from forestry, have been planted to Vetiveria zizanioides from which a perfume base
is derived. The success of these crops is largely due to the efforts of the Anno branch
of the Kyushu Experiment Station which serves as a kind of plant introduction station
for the island, American varieties of sugarcane have been tested here and found to be
especially suited to the environment. Members of the staff of the Anno Experiment
Station gave much of their time during our collecting both on Yakushima and Tanega-
shima,

There are two large experimental forests, Tachimoto and Furuta. Our first visit
was to Tachimoto Forest in the southern part of the island, Although mostly planted
to cryptomeria, a number of evergreen oaks have survived, Lithocarpus edulis being
common, Cycads and epiphytic orchids grew on the trunks and horizontal branches of
the trees, There were relatively few new woody plants here but Helicia cochinchinen-
sis, a small tree, with evergreen foliage that thrived in dry soils, was noted. Den-
dropanax trifida occurred along the sides of the trails.

Along the coast, numerous colonies of Juniperus conferta spread prostrate along
the sand dunes, the main stems flat and rooting to the sand while secondary branchlets
stood upright, This juniper is an excellent plant for preventing dune erosion and has a
wide range of heat and cold tolerance. In the town of Nishi-no-omote, Cinnamomum
brevifolium grew along the dusty, dry road, We paused here long enough to collect its
seed. Unfortunately seed of the cinnamon is highly perishable and only a few seeds
germinated.

In Furuta National Forest, evergreen oaks were also plentiful, These were
generally accompanied by the usual epiphytic orchids, climbing ferns, and cycads.
Occasionally we noted Citrus tachibana growing in rocky, dried stream beds, The
sour fruit was about the size of a small plum and was borne in profusion, Idesia poly-
carpa; Ilex hanceana, - a red-fruited holly with very small berries; Symplocos
japonica, upright, about 8 feet tall with a habit suggesting a good hedge plant; and
Eurya emarginata, dotted the open hillsides. E. emarginata, a camellia relative,
grows ina broad spreading manner and will serve as a choice foundation plant.
Elaeagnus crispa was especially common, Clematis crassifolia, an evergreen vine,
laced the cryptomerias with large clusters of white flowers about ] inch across,

Of the orchids, Phajus maculatus was the most striking. We came upon it while
climbing up a shaded hillside, This terrestrial species first appeared to have small
spots of sunlight flicking across the leaves but in reality this mirage was a multitude
of large yellow variegations, The pattern was consistent among wild specimens and of
a genetic nature, Later in our travels on Kyushu, we ran across P., maculatus var.
minor, smaller in every detail, including the leaf spotting.

Winter storms dashing the surf high above the breakwater at Nishi-no-omote
prevented our leaving Tanegashima until December 7 and on that date we returned to
the island of Kyushu aboard the Chofukurmaru, forwarded our collections to Kurume,
and traveled down to Hirakiki Mountain in Satsuma, On the slopes of this cone, the
vegetation was greatly disturbed by charcoal collectors, This whole area was gener-
ally poor in agricultural land. About half way to the top of the cone, several terres-
trial orchids were gathered, Goodyera maximowicziana, characterized by pink-striped
velvety leaves was the most unusual, Ardisia japonica, with solitary red berries grew
along the roadside. This is the hardiest species of Ardisia and was used in the gardens
of Kyoto as a ground cover,

Selon

—_—
get
-

6 Nishino omote;

@Furuto Forest

TANEGASHIMA
(DEC.1-6)

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Scale 1:250000

4 miles

from

ie 4
®Kominako

FIGURE 4.--Map of Tanegashima, showing route of travel on the island.

HONG

We finally returned to Kurume, Kyushu, to visit local nurseries and the experi-
mental station, The Kurume Horticultural Field Station is a leading institution in
Japan, devoted to vegetable crops, small fruits, and ornamentals. Here, one can see
in proper scale, small hills transformed into a likeness of the mountains of Kyushu
with the different azalea ecotypes planted on the proper mountains, Kirishima, Unzen,
Sakurajima, and Aso, Elevations are marked and the whole display carefully executed.
Here too, the old azalea varieties of Kurume have been assembled and the newest
varieties have been added. A collection of Glenn Dale varieties has been included and
recently several native American species introduced. The most recent race of azaleas
to be noted was the so-called Hirado azaleas, These are large-flowered clones that
have existed for possibly 500 years on the small island of Hirado, near Nagasaki.
Some 200 clones have been brought to the Kurume Field Station for use in breeding
and dissemination to the Japanese nursery trade.

Our arrival in Kurume was accompanied by cold weather and a light snowfall
making living in poorly heated Japanese quarters rather gloomy, It also heralded the
end of our collecting trip. On December 10 we returned to Tokyo with our collections
of seeds, plants, and herbarium specimens,

Survey of Chrysanthemum Nurseries and Other Plant Culture Centers
(Nov. 4-15; Dec. 12-15)

Since the chrysanthemum is the flower of the Imperial family of Japan, consider-
able importance is attached to its culture, development, and display. Large exhibi-
tions of chrysanthemums are given in the major cities, such as at Shinjuku Gardens,
Tokyo; Hirakata Park, Hirakata; Shizuoka; Mishima; Osaka-Kobe; Akashi; Okayama;
and Fukuyama,

For display purposes each show employs its own staff of cultural experts and
breeders. Often the varieties raised for a particular exhibit are not released for
general distribution and this results in types peculiar to that show. Thus, to see all of
the kinds of chrysanthemums, ultimately every show should be observed.

In addition to these public shows, several commercial breeders of chrysanthe-
mums also exhibit. Of these, I visited the following:

Bisho-en, Motomachi, Matsumoto City Taikai-en, Kusanaji, Ki-machi
Seiko-en, Kanemaru, Hiroshima-Ken Taiho-en, Hirakata City
Shuho-en, Kanemaru, Hiroshima-Ken

At each of these nurseries, representative varieties were presented for introduc-
tion into the United States. All of the varieties have been placed in quarantine at
Glenn Dale, Md., to be indexed for possible virus diseases before distribution.

Other plant-growing areas visited during the tour were at Angyo, Saitama-ken.
Through the efforts of Mr. Nakada, Koju-en, Angyo, Kawaguchi, Saitama, a large
collection of rare cultivated forms of woody plants were assembled. Of these the
following may be noted: A weeping form of Zelkova serrata, a variegated form of
Z. serrata, two ornamental varieties of Camellia sinensis, a white fruited form of
Tiex serrata, a variegated form of Ilex crenata, dwarf and yellow-tipped forms of
Cryptomeria japonica, and a compact, dwarf type of Juniperus chinensis.

In addition to the ornamental collections, the wild form of Pyrus serotina was

located, This species is almost extinct in Japan owing to its having been cut for char-
coal, Near Mishima a wild tree was located and all fruits gathered for use by pear

=-180 =

research workers in the United States. For use by crops research workers in the
United States varieties of tea (Camellia sinensis) and types of sugarcane (Saccharum
spontaneum) were also collected. From the National Experiment Station at Hiratsuka,
persimmon varieties were obtained and through the Special Products Section, Minis-
try of Agriculture, leading varieties of the salad plant, udo, were introduced.

S19 6

ENUMERATION OF COLLECTIONS

The following list of collections is arranged by Plant Introduction numbers assigned.
There is a brief generic index to the P.I. numbers. Scientific and/or varietal names
and field numbers, together with brief descriptions from the field notes, are included.
Identification of the plants is tentative but herbarium specimens of most of the wild
collections are held by field number in the National Arboretum Herbarium, Plant In-
dustry Station, Beltsville, Md. The nomenclature is based on Honda's ''Nomina Plan-
tarum Japonicarum'"! and Makino's ''Flora of Japan.'"'!

An enumeration of plants and seeds collected during the plant exploration to Japan,
September 30 to December 23, 1956. These are arranged by P.I. numbers, followed
by a brief description from the original field notes. Numbers following names are
field numbers.

P.1. 234948-949; 235127-143. Seeds and plants collected in the vicinity of Shibu Onsen,
Yatsugatake Range, Nagano Prefecture, Oct. 8-12, 1956.

234948 ILEX RUGOSA 463 In subalpine conifer forest, 6,660 feet. Yatsugatake Mts.,
Nagano Pref. Female plants and cuttings.

234949 RHODODENDRON JAPONICUM 451 In open swampy meadow, 5,100 feet. Yat-
sugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. (July-flowering form)

235127 BERCHEMIA RACEMOSA 466 Open fields below Shibuyu Onsen, 4, 500 feet.
Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. A deciduous climber with attractive reddish-
black fruits.

235128 BETULA PLATYPHYLLA var. JAPONICA 454 Open fields above Shibuyu
Onsen, 5,100 feet. Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. Distinct birch with white
bark.

235129 ILEX GENICULATA 453 Open fields above Shibuyu Onsen, 5,100 feet. Yatsu-
gatake Mts., Nagano Pref. A rare species with a profusion of bright red fruits
on long stalks. It is a deciduous holly.

235130 CHAMAECYPARIS OBTUSA 457 Open fields above Shibuyu Onsen, 5, 250 feet.
Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref.

235131 CLETHRA BARBINERVIS 460 Growing on rocky hillside, 5,400 feet. Yatsu-
gatake Mts., Nagano Pref. Deciduous shrub, stiffly erect, with white flowers
in terminal panicles.

235132 CONVALLARIA KEISKEI 464 Open fields above Shibuyu Onsen, 5, 400 feet.
Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. This is the Japanese lily-of-the-valley. The
flowers are white, late May to June; fruit is orange to red.

235133 HEMEROCALLIS THUNBERGII 458 Open fields above Shibuyu Onsen, 5, 550 feet.

Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. Flowers lemon yellow, faintly fragrant and
bloom in July.

420

235134 HYDRANGEA PANICULATA 468 Sunny places near Shibuyu Onsen, 5, 400
feet, Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref.

235135 ILEX RUGOSA 463 (same as 234948 but seed collected from plants under
234948)

235136 LIGUSTRUM CILIATUM 461 Above Shibuyu Onsen, rocky, semi-shaded areas
at edges of fields, 5, 640 feet. Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. Broad shrub
up to 3 feet high and spreading. The leaves turn dull purple in October.

235137 LINDERA OBTUSILOBA 469 Along roadside below Shibuyu Onsen, 4, 500 feet.
Yatsugatake Mts. Nagano Pref. A deciduous shrub with yellow flowers before
the leaves. Fruit at first red then shining black.

235138 RHODODENDRON JAPONICUM 456 Open fields above Shibuyu Onsen, 5, 400
feet. Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. (Plants with normal deciduous habit. )

235139 RHODODENDRON JAPONICUM 459 Open fields above Shibuyu Onsen, 5, 610
feet. Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. (Plants which held leaves green late in
autumn, typical of late-blooming type)

235140 ROSA MULTIFLORA 465 Below Shibuyu Onsen, open fields, 4,500 feet. Yat-
sugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. The highest locality for this species in these
mountains.

235141 SCABIOSA JAPONICA 452 Open meadows above Shibuyu Onsen, 5, 610 feet.
Yatsugatake Mts. Nagano Pref. Biennial, with flowers pale to dark purple,
sometimes pink or white, 2 inches across.

235142 SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS 467 Along sunny road below Shibuyu Onsen, 4, 500
feet. Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano Pref. Vine, flowers whitish in June, berries
orange-red in October.

235143 SORBUS RUFO-FERRUGINEA 462 At edge of fields, usually as understory of
other trees, above Shibuyu Onsen, 5,550 feet. Yatsugatake Mts., Nagano
Pref. Small tree with bright red foliage in the fall and fruit also bright red.
Distinguished by reddish brown down on underside of leaves from S. com-
mixta.

235247-235272 Plants and cuttings collected at Kotohira, Muroto, and Ashizuri,
Shikoku, Japan October 14 - 22, 1956.

235247 ARISAEMA RINGENS 492 Limestone ravines, at Iwogi City, Kochi-ken.
235248 ARISAEMA TOSAENSE 517 On Zozusan Mt., Kotahira, Kagawa-ken.

235249 CAMELLIA SASANQUA 509 Between Shimizu and Nakamura, Tosa-ken. Wild
plant with small leaves and narrow petals.

235250-256 C. SASANQUA In shrine garden, Zozusan, Kotahira, Kagawa-ken.

235250 large, single white - 510
235251 large, semi-dble, white - 511
Za5252 large, single, dark red - 512
235253 large, single, pink - 513
235254 small, single, dark pink - 514

eal

2352511,

235258

235259

235260

235261

235262

235263

235264

23.5205

235266

Z3 5267

235268

235269

235270

235255 medium, single, pink and white - 515
235256 medium, anemone, pink - 516

CHRYSANTHEMUM SHIWOGIKU 484 Along sandy beach, Muroto-zaki, Kochi-
ken. A prostrate plant, some branches ascending, leaves thick, pubescent
beneath; flowers in December, yellow.

CORY LOPSIS SPICATA 494 Endemic to Kochi-ken, occurring on shale,
Kochi-ken. Deciduous shrub, to 6 feet tall; leaves broadly ovate; flowers
bright yellow, before the leaves.

DEBREGEASIA EDULIS 493 In limestone ravine, Iwogi, Kochi-ken. A rare
shrub 9 feet tall, with handsome linear leaves and bright yellow fruit. Probably
hardy in north.

DIPLAZIUM LANCEUM 488 Muroto-zaki, in broadleaved woods above sea-
coast, Kochi-ken. An evergreen fern, leaves longly oblanceolate, entire.

FICUS PUMILA 473 On tree trunks, broadleaved woods, Muroto-zaki, Kochi-
ken. An evergreen vine, leaves entire or 3 to 5 lobed, 1 cm. long.

GLOCHIDION SP. 486 From sea-coast to 300 feet, in broadleaved forest,
Mutoto-zaki, Kochi-ken. A small deciduous, spiny shrub, but partly ever-
green according to locality, leaves distinctly obovate; flowers small, yellow,
in May. Not in cultivation.

INDIGOFERA PSEUDOTINCTORIA 480 Growing on sandy beaches, Muroto-
zaki, Kochi-ken. A prostrate, ground-covering species attaining 3 feet spread;
flowers purple, pods about 1 inch long.

IRIS JAPONICA 521 In garden, Toraya Inn, Kotohira, Kagawa-ken. A garden
variety with green and white striped leaves; flowers pale blue with yellow
markings, in May. Said to be sterile.

LACTUCA KEISKEANA 483 On sandy beaches and on rocks, Muroto-zaki,
Kochi-ken. Herbaceous evergreen plant, prostrate; flowers bright yellow.

OSMUNDA BROMELIIFOLIA 490 In limestone ravines, damp shady locality,
Iwoji, Kochi-ken. Evergreen ferns, with pinnate fronds 4 feet long.

PODOCARPUS NAGI 474 In broadleaved woods above seacoast, Murotozaki,
Kochi-ken. A tall tree, evergreen with shining dark-green leaves; seed round
purplish when ripe. In cultivation.

PRUNUS ZIPPELIANA 482 In broadleaved woods above seacoast, Murotozaki,
Kochi-ken. An evergreen cherry, 25 feet high, with large ovate leaves; flowers
in racemes, greenish; fruit black. Not in cultivation.

PSILOTUM NUDUM 472 In humus along path above seacoast, Murotozaki,
Kochi-ken, A leafless plant, stems green, about 4 inches tall.

PTERIS CRETICA VAR. ALBO-LINEATA 491 In limestone ravines, Iwogi,

Kochi-ken. Small fern, palmately divided fronds with white markings along
midrib.

BUDD

235271 PYRROSA LINGUA 489 Found on walls of rocky limestone ravines, Iwogi
and Murotozaki, Kochi-ken. An evergreen fern, leaves small, longly
lanceolate.

235272 RUMOHRA ARISTATA 477 In shaded, damp broadleaved woods, Murotozaki,
Kochi-ken. Evergreen fern, frond thick shiny aristate, up to 2 feet long.

235293-235303 Plants purchased from Shinto-en Nursery, Ise City, Mie Pref., Japan.
PSILOTUM NUDUM
235293 Bunruisan
235294 Fudechiku
235295 Higebo
235296 HowoOchirimen
235297 Kishu-ku
235298 Kintsukumo
235299 Nodichiku
235300 Orizuru
235301 Seirukaku
235302 Toubaichiku

235303 EXCOECARIA CRENULATA - tropical shrub with opposite leaves, dark red
beneath.

235304-235334 - Plants and cuttings from Ashizuri, on Shikoku and from locations on
Kii Peninsula. Oct. 14-22; 24-31, 1956.

235304 ALSOPHILA HANCOCKII 500 In damp woods near Cape Ashizuri, Nakamura,
Shikoku. Evergreen fern with finely divided fronds.

235305 ANGIOPTERIS SUBOPPOSITIFOLIA 507 In damp woods, Ashizuri-zaki, Naka-
mura, Shikoku. Large fern evergreen, frond supra-decompound, 9 feet long.

235306 PEUCEDANUM JAPONICUM 502 On sea-cliff, in full sun. Ashizuri-zaki.
Perennial, leaves ternately compound, to 18 inches; flowers white in compound
head. (Frequently used for flower arrangements. )

235307 ARDISIA SIEBOLDII 506 In deep shady forest glen, Ashizuri-zaki. Shrub,
evergreen, to 3 feet, leaves elliptic serrate; flowers white, fruit red.

235308 ARDISIA VILLOSA 536 In damp woods of Shrine Forest, Shirahama, Waka-
yama-ken. Small prostrate evergreen species, stem rooting, leaves ovate,
serrate, dark green. Possibly a good ground cover. Not in cultivation.

235309 ARISAEMA SP. 560 In damp woods, along stream bed, Gegu Shrine Forest,
Ise, City, Mie Prefecture.

235310 ASARUM SP. 542 Along mountain path, Nachi-san, Kii, Wakayama-ken.
Herbaceous perennial, leaves green, heart shaped.

235311 ASARUM SP. 557 In damp woods, Gegu Shrine Forest, Ise City, Mie Pref.
Herbaceous perennial, leaves longly ovate, cordate, variegated gray green.

235312 ASPLENIUM WRIGHTII 540 In damp woods of mountain forest, Nachi-san,
Kii, Wakayama-ken. Large evergreen fern; pinnate, dark shining leaves.

S230

235313

ZO OSs:

235355

2353) k6

235310

235318

23.539

235320

235321

235322

235323

235324

235325

235326

ZS 532i

BAUHINIA JAPONICA 523 Koshima Island, Tanabe Bay, Kii, Wakayama.
Liana, deciduous, leaves ovate, sometimes deeply lobed, flowers not seen.
Northern limit. Not in cultivation.

CAMELLIA JAPONICA 534 In Kyoto Univ. Exp. Forest Oshima Island,
Kushimoto, Wakayama. Shiro-tama - early variety, flowers large, double,
pale pink, cup shaped.

CAMELLIA SP. 533 In Kyoto Univ. Exp. Forest, Oshima Island, Kushimoto,
Wakayama. Characterized by dark shiny, narrowly pointed leaves; flowers
white, small, single.

CHRYSANTHEMUM JAPONENSE 505 Above sea-cliff, in full sun Ashizuri-
zaki. Small leaved species; flowers white with yellow center, December.
Collected as variety Ashizuriense.

DAMNACANTHUS MACROPHYLLUS var. GIGANTEUS 522 Damp woods, Gegu
Shrine Forest, Ise City, Mie Pref. Small evergreen shrub, leaves opposite
small spines; fruit solitary, red. Quite different from D. indicus. Not in cul-
tivation.

DICRANOPTERIS DICHOTOMA 525 In damp forest, Shirohama, Kii, Waka-
yama. Evergreen fern, fronds linear, deeply lobed; rhizome stout, ramifying.

DISTY LIUM RACEMOSUM 530 Oshima Island, near Kushimoto, Wakayama-
ken. Evergreen tree, used extensively on Oshima for hedges and windbreaks
because of upright stiff habit.

EUCHRESTA JAPONICA 541 In cryptomeria forest, Nachi-san, Kii, Waka-
yama-ken. Small evergreen shrub with leaves trifoliate, leaflet ovate; pod
dark purple, one-seeded.

HEMEROCALLIS AURANTIACA var. LITTOREA 504 On face of saa-cliffs,
Asbizuri-zaki. Flowers orange-red, in bloom in late October.

HUGERIA JAPONICA 543 Along mountain path, Nachi-san, Kii, Wakayama
Pref. Small evergreen shrub, stems and branchlets green, leaves ovate-
lanceolate, finely serrate; flowers white, berries red.

HY MENOPHYLLUM BARBATUM 538 Along mountain path, Nachi-san, Kii,
Wakayama Pref. Small evergreen fern growing on damp rocky walls of ravines,
fronds very thin, filmy, margin of frond serrate.

HY MENOPHY LLUM INTEGRUM 539 In damp woods of mountain forest on
rocky walls of ravines, Nachi-san, Kii, Wakayama Pref.

LIPARIS NERVOSA 550 Forest of Gegu Shrine, Ise City, Mie Pref. Terres-
trial orchid, leaves ovate; flowers in a spike, greenish, small.

PELLIONIA MINIMA 537 In damp woods of Cryptomeria forest, Nachi-san
Kii, Wakayama Pref. Prostrate evergreen plant with purplish stems, shiny
ovate leaves. Not in cultivation.

RHODODENDRON SERPYLLIFOLIUM 544 Along mountain path, Nachi-san
Kii, Wakayama. Small evergreen species, leaves minute; flowers 3/4 inch
across, white.

ED Ales.

235328 SYMPLOCOS GLAUCA 526 In woods above Shrine Forest, Shirohama, Kii,

Wakayama. Evergreen tree, leaves lanceolate, entire.

235329) SEM wOCOS PRUNIR@OGEIA 55l horest of Geguishzrine, Ise City, Mie Pret.

Evergreen tree to 30 feet, leaves narrow elliptic; flowers not seen, fruit
black. Not in cultivation.

235330 SYMPLOCOS THEOPHRASTAEFOLIA 553 Forest of Gegu Shrine, Ise City,

235331

Mie Pref. Large evergreen tree to 10 meters, leaves, large elliptic, coarsely
serrate, dark green. One can mistake this for Ilex latifolia.

TRACHELOSPERMUM ASIATICUM var. OBLANCEOLATUM 528 Oshima
Island, near Kushimoto City, Wakayama, Pref. Small evergreen vine, this
variety characterized by oblanceolate leaves.

235332 TRICYRTIS FLAVA, 558 Along stream bed, woods of Gegu Shrine, Ise City,

Mie Pref. Herbaceous plant, evergreen, leaves lanceolate with dark green
spots; flowers yellow.

235333 TRICYRTIS MACROPODA 559 Along stream bed, woods of Gegu Shrine, Ise

City, Mie Pref. Herbaceous plant, evergreen, leaves lanceolate; flowers
white with purple spots.

235334 ZOYSIA JAPONICA 503 Along sea cliffs in full sun, Ashizuri-zaki. A small-

leaved form.

235420-235437: 235495-235520 Seeds collected in southern Japan, including Shikoku

and Kii Peninsula, October 14-31, 1956.

235420 ARISAEMA SHIKOKIANUM 518 In woods at Zetzusan, Kotohira, Kagawa-ken,

ZO DAZ

Shikoku.

ARISAEMA TOSAENSE 517 In woods at Zetzusan, Kotohira, Kagawa-ken,
Shikoku.

235423 CORYLOPSIS SPICATA 494 On serpentine hill, Kochi, Kochi-ken, Shikoku.

Deciduous shrub, with bright yellow flowers before the leaves.

235424 DAPHNIPHY LLUM GLAUCESCENS 475 Murotozaki, Kochi-ken, Shikoku. An

evergreen tree to 30 feet, leaves lanceolate, glaucous beneath; flowers uni-
sexual, greenish, fruit black when ripe.

235425 EURYA EMARGINATA 485 Along beach areas, Murotozaki, Kochi-ken,

Shikoku. An evergreen shrub, dense and spreading, Leaves elliptic, emargi-
nate; flowers pale yellow hanging beneath the leaves in profusion, fruit black;
plants dioecious.

235426 ILEX SERRATA VAR. SIEBOLDII 495 On serpentine hills, above Kochi City,

Kochi-ken. A deciduous holly with rather small, red fruit ina cyme, 4-
seeded.

235427 INDIGOFERA PSEUDOTINCTORIA 480 Along sea-coast in sand, Murotozaki,

Kochi-ken, Shikoku. A prostrate shrub, deciduous, flowers purple-pink, stems
erect to decumbent, some specimens attaining 3 feet across. Good ground
cover.

Peo =

235428 LYSIMACHIA SIKOKIANA 471 Murotozaki, in broadleaved evergreen forest,
Kochi-ken. Subshrub, about 15 inches tall; flowers axillary, yellow, hanging;
followed by whitish fruits on stems 1 to 2 inches long.

235429 MAESA JAPONICA 470 In broadleaved evergreen forest, Murotozaki, Kochi-
ken, Shikoku. Evergreen shrub to 3 feet; flowers inconspicuous,fruit small,
yellowish when ripe.

235430 MELIOSMA RIGIDA 476 Murotazaki, in broadleaved, evergreen forest,
Kochi-ken, Shikoku. An evergreen tree with broad oblanceolate leaves,
shining rugose above; flowers small, fruit round, yellow-red. Rare in culti-
vation.

235431 NEOLITSEA SP. 519 On Zozusan, Kotohira, Shikoku. An evergreen tree to
50 feet or more, related to cinnamomum, leaves elliptic; flowers yellowish in
dense clusters along branches, fruit bright red, 2 to 3 ina cluster.

235432 PODOCARPUS NAGI 474 In broadleaved, evergreen forest, Murotozaki,
Kochi-ken, Shikoku. Evergreen tree, leaves ovate, lanceolate, shining, dark
green; dioecious, seeds round, purple when ripe.

235433 QUERCUS WRIGHTII 479 Along seacoast, Murotozaki, Kochi-ken, Shikoku.
An evergreen tree, shrub-like along seacoast, leaves ovate, minutely serrate,
pubescent beneath.

235434 RAPHIOLEPIS UMBELLATA var. MERTENSII 487 Along seacoast, Muroto-
zaki, Kochi-ken, Shikoku. Dense evergreen shrub, leaves roundish, thick;
flowers white in May; fruit purple.

235435 ROSA WICHURIANA var. POTERIIFOLIA 478 Along seacoast, in sand, Muro-
tozaki, Kochi-ken, Shikoku. A prostrate plant with small, shiny, leaves;
flowers white 1-1/2 inches across, fruit red, ovoid. Good ground covering
form, small leaves and restricted habit.

235436 TERNSTROEMIA MOKOF 520 In garden of Toraya Inn, Kotohira, Shikoku.
Small evergreen tree, leaves oblanceolate, dark green; dioecious, flowers
whitish, fruit orange with red seeds.

235437. VIBURNUM EROSUM 496 On serpentine hills, above Kochi City, Kochi-ken,
Shikoku. A deciduous shrub, 8 feet tall; fruit in loose cyme, red.

235495-235520 Seeds collected insouthern Japan, principally Shikoku and Kii Peninsula,
October 14-31, 1956.

235495 ACTINODAPHNE LANCIFOLIA 556 Forest of Gegu Shrine, Ise City, Mie Pref.
Honshu. An evergreen tree with handsome flaky, brown/white bark; leaves
ovate; fruit purple-black.

235496 ALPINIA CHINENSIS 531 Kyoto Univ. Experimental Forest, Oshima Island,
Wakayama Pref. Probably naturalized.

235497 ASPARAGUS COCHINCHINENSIS 497 Along seacoast, Murotozaki, Kochi-ken,
Shikoku. Perennial, scandant plant, leaves bright green, linear; fruit red.

235498 CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. LUXURIANS 508 Ashizurizaki, Shikoku. A shrub
to 15 feet; flowers pale purple, fruit deep purple in large clusters.

De Aa

235499

235500

235501

235502

235503

235504

235505

235506

235507

235508

235509

235510

Zoosk

235512

235513

235514

ZS 5515

CALLICARPA MOLLIS 509 In damp woods of Shrine Forest, Shirohama,
Wakayama-ken, Kii, A shrub to 15 feet, leaves densely pubescent; fruit purple,
enclosed in enlarged calyx. Less attractive than 235498.

CAMELLIA OLEIFERA 535 In Kyoto Univ. Experimental Forest, Oshima
Island, Kushimoto, Wakayama-ken. Evergreen shrub, flowers white, single,
rather small. Grown as a source of oil.

CASTANOPSIS CUSPIDATA 555 Forest of Gegu Shrine, Ise City, Mie Pref.
Tall evergreen tree, leaves narrow lanceolate, acorns small, black.

EURYA OCHNACEA 545 Entrance to Kumano Shrine, Nachi-san, Wakayama
Pref. Small evergreen tree or shrub, leaves ovate, entire; flowers white,
berries black.

COCCULUS TRILOBUS 522 Kashima Island, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref. A scan-
dant vine, leaves round; fruit in large clusters, bright blue.

CRINUM ASIATICUM var. JAPONICUM 529 Along roadside, Oshima Island,
Kushimoto, Wakayama Pref. Flowers white, in large clusters, July-August.

DISTY LIUM RACEMOSUM 530 Along roadside as hedge plant, Oshima Island,
Kushimoto, Wakayama Pref. Evergreen tree, often grown as hedge or wind-
break, leaves ovate, entire.

EUCHRESTA JAPONICA 541 In forest at Nachi-san, Wakayama Pref. Small
evergreen shrub, running habit, leaves tri-foliate, dark, shiny green; pod
one-seeded, dark purple.

HEMEROCALLIS AURANTIACA var. LITTOREA 504 On face of sea cliff, in
full sun, Ashizurizaki, Shikoku. Flowers orange-red in late October.

ILEX INTEGRA 501 Ashizurizaki, National Forest Ashizuri, Shikoku. Ever-
green tree to 40 feet, leaves entire; fruit usually in 2, red, ovoid, largest of
any holly.

ILEX SERRATA var. SIEBOLDII 563 At Shingu City, Mie Pref. Deciduous
holly; fruit bright red on short stems, prodigous bearing habit.

LASIANTHUS JAPONICUS 498 Nakamura City, Ashizurizaki, Shikoku. Ever-
green shrub, flowers white axillary, fruit brilliant blue in October.

LASIANTHUS SATSUMENSIS 499 Nakamura City, Ashizurizaki, Shikoku. Sim-
ilar to 23510 but differing in that undersides of leaves are glaucus.

LASIANTHUS SATSUMENSIS 548 Nachi-san, Wakayama Pref. Same as 235511.

PHOTINIA VILLOSA var. LAEVIS 565 Shingu City, Mie Pref. Handsome
deciduous shrub, fruit red, oblong. Good red fall color to foliage.

QUERCUS GLAUCA 554 Forest of Gegu Shrine, Ise City, Mie Pref. Tall ever-
green oak, leaves ovate, coarsely serrate, shiny above, glaucus beneath.

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA 562 In forest of Gegu Shrine, Ise City, Mie
Pref. Tall conifer to 100 feet; typical for the species.

a 7 pees

235516 TSUGA SIEBOLDII 561 In forest of Gegu Shrine, Ise City, Mie Pref. A hand-
some hemlock, characterized by having entire leaf margins and notched apex.

235517 TUBOCAPSICUM ANOMALUM 524 In forest of Shrine, Shirohama, Wakayama
Pref. A subshrub, stems green; fruit bright orange, hanging on stalks 1 to 2
inches long.

235518 VIBURNUM JAPONICUM 532 Kyoto Univ. Experimental Forest, Oshima Is-
land, Wakayama Pref. An evergreen species with dense cymes of red fruit.
In cultivation to some extent.

235519 UNDET. (LEGUME) 549 In cryptomeria forest, Nachi-san, Wakayama Pref.
Small vine, leaves trifoliate; pods 2 inches long bright purple and quite orna-
mental.

235520 UNDET (MYRTACEAE) 566 In Botanic Garden, Gegu Shrine, Ise City, Mie
Pref. An evergreen shrub to 8 feet, leaves opposite, entire; fruit black.

235567-575; 235581-584 - Plants and seeds collected on tour of southern Honshu, Nov.
5-17, 1956

235567 ASARUM SP. 575 Rokko-san Alpine Park, Kobe, Japan. Small plant growing
wild along bank, leaves green faintly mottled.

235568 CAMELLIA JAPONICA 574 Rokko-san, Kobe. A late flowering variety growing
along mountain road. Cultivated; flowers around June 15 to 20, Single, red
flowers.

235569-573 CAMELLIA SINENSIS National Tea Experiment Station, Kanoya, Shiz-
uoka Pref.

235569 Yabukita 567 (asi yey NEVA TY)
235570 Tama midori 568 GANS) Aol Sil
235571 Beni-homare 569

235574 ILEX MUTCHAGARA 578 Kyoto Univ. Botanic Garden, Kyoto. An evergreen
holly, 18 feet tall; fruit black. Should be hardy in Maryland.

235575 PYRUS SEROTINA 579 Kyoto Univ. Botanic Garden, Kyoto. Scions of true
wild species which is almost extinct in Japan.

235581 CORNUS SP. 573 In Korakuen Park, Okayama City. Small tree with profuse
orange-red fruits, about 1/2 inch long, fleshy; possibly of Chinese origin.

235582 DENDROPANAX TRIFIDA 572 Near Okayama City. A handsome small ever-
green tree with leaves entire or divided 3 to 5. Should be especially suited for
shady locations. Not in cultivation.

235583 ILEX MUTCHAGARA (see 235574) 578 Seed.

235584 IRIS KAEMPFERI 576 Seiko-en Nursery, Kanemaru, Hiroshima Pref. Hand-
pollinated seed from choice garden hybrids of Kumamoto strain.

235615-630 CHRYSANTHEMUM Varieties Mr. N. Koido Bisho-en Nursery, Moto-
machi, Matsumoto

Depigues

235615 Beni-botan - purplish red
235616 Dai-higyo - scarlet red
235617 Dai-kin-ryu - yellow
235618 Haku-sei - white

235619 Hosan-no-kagayaki - yellow
235620 Kagero - red

235621 Kogetsu - yellow

235622 Koshin - deep red

235623 Mitsu-zuki - yellow

235624 Otome-no-hikari - pink
235625 Ryo-hu - white

235626 Sei-ryu - yellow

235627 Sei-un - white

235628 Shinano-no-homare - yellow
235629 Shin-to - yellow

235630 Ten-kei - pink

235631-632 HIBISCUS MUTABILIS From Mr. K. Suzuki, 2222 Tomiuko-machi, Kana-
zawaku, Yokohama.

235631 Double red flowers - 582
235632 Double white flowers - 583

235633 CARPINUS LAXIFLORUS 580 Kanokawa Pass, between Kinomoto and Yamato,
Kii. A deciduous tree to 40 feet, smooth gray bark, leaves small; fruit in loose
raceme. Handsome tree.

235634 PYRUS SEROTINA 584 Wild, near Tomiuska, Yokohama, Japan. Wild pear
almost extinct in Japan.

235635 STAUNTONIA HEXAPHYLLA 581 Near Angyo, Saitama Pref. A deciduous or
semi-evergreen vine, leaves 6-parted, fruit large greenish; seeds black. Rare
vine, hardy at Glenn Dale, Maryland.

235737-748 Plants collected on Yaku and Tanega Islands, Nov. 16-Dec. 10, 1956.
235737-744 ASARUM SP. In woods along Miyanoura River, Yakushima.

235737-625 Leaves large cordate, without variegation

235738-626 Leaves large cordate, acutely pointed, dark green
235739-627 Leaves large, cordate, variegated

235740-628 Leaves medium, cordate, slight variegations, dark green
235741-629 Leaves large, basal lobes elongated, variegated
235742-630 Leaves very large, cordate, dark green

235743-632 Leaves large, cordate, more or less triangular, variegated
235744-633 Leaves dark green, faint variegations

235745 ASPLENIUM SP. 635 Along shady banks, Miyanoura River, Manno Nat, Forest,
Yakushima. Small evergreen fern, fronds narrow lanceolate, bipinnate.

235746 CALANTHE SP. 591 Isso River, Yakushima. A terrestrial orchid, along rocky
ravines, leaves large, elliptic.

235747 CHEIROPLEURIA BICUSPIS 590 Isso River, Yakushima. A small evergreen

fern found in rocky glen, dense shade; sterile leaves broadly lanceolate, fertile
ones narrow.

5 2G) ce

235748

235749

235750

235751

235752

2357953

235754

235155

235756

235157

235758

235759

235760

235761

235762

235763

235764

235765

CLEMATIS SP 598 Along sea-road, Tomaiko, Yakushima. Small vine, with
handsome silvery markings at center of leaves, flowers not seen.

DENDROBIUM MONILE 644 Along Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest,
Yakushima. Stem fleshy, about 10 inches long, leaves lanceolate; flowers
yellow or pink.

EUGENIA JAMBOS 592 Nagata River, Yakushima. Evergreen tree, leaves
opposite, fruit black, edible.

GOODYERA MAXIMOWICZIANA 611 Isso River, Yakushima. Terrestrial
orchid, leaves with broad pale stripe down center; flowers white, in short
spike.

GOODYERA SCHLECHTENDALIANA 606 Isso River, Yakushima. Terrestrial
orchid, leaves variegated; flowers white in short spike.

GOODYERA SP 610 Isso River, Yakushima. Terrestrial orchid, leaves not
marked; flowers white.

HEMEROCALLIS MINOR 618 Growing in garden of small inn, Miyanoura,
Yakushima. Dwarf species, flowers orange-yellow on short stalks.

LIPARIS NERVOSA 617 Isso River, Shirakawa Nat. Forest, Yakushima. Ter-
restrial orchid, leaves ovate; flowers greenish.

LIPARIS NERVOSA 636 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima (see
235755).

PSILOTUM NUDUM 641 On tree trunks, Miyanoura River, Yakushima. Typical
wild type.

RHODODENDRON INDICUM 645 Upper reaches, Miyanoura River, Manno Nat.
Forest, Yakushima. Plants which were in full bloom 11/23/56.

SAGENIA SP, 632 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima. Ever-
green fern, leaves linear, strap-like, very long.

SELAGINELLA UNCINATA 602 Isso River, Yakushima. In damp rocky ra-
vines, species with flat branchlets, broad and rather wavy.

TAXILLUS SP. 609 OnIsso River, Yakushima. Shrubby or scandant plant,
evergreen with brown tomentum on leaves and stems. Parasitic on Elaeagnus.

UNDET. (ORCHID) 638 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima.
Epiphytic orchid, small dark green leaves, small ovoid pseudobulbs.

UNDET. (ORCHID) 643 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima.
Epiphyte, pseudobulbs ovate, leaves lanceolate; flowers greenish.

UNDET. (ORCHID) 634 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima.
Small epiphyte, ovoid pseudobulbs; flowers yellow-brown.

UNDET. (ORCHID) 616 Isso River, Shirakawa Nat. Forest. Terrestrial, large
leaves; flowers unknown. Possible Calanthe.

SiS

235766

235767

235768

235769

235770

235771

235772

UNDET. (ORCHID) 640 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest. Yakushima.
Epiphyte, stems long, bulbless, leaves rather lanceolate.

UNDET. (ORCHID) 612 Isso River, Yakushima. Terrestrial, leaves broad
ovate, veins distinct, flowers yellow 1 inch, long raceme. Probably a
Calanthe.

UNDET. (RUBIACEAE) 631 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima.
Subshrub, leaves opposite with stipules, flowers terminal, white fragrant.

NEOPHOENICIA SP 639 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima.
Epiphyte, leaves thick, heeled, bulbless.

NEOPHOENICIA SP 642 Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima.
Epiphyte, leaves lanceolate; flowers in short spike, yellow.

AINSLIAEA SP. 613 On rocks, Isso River, Yakushima. Herbaceous, about 3
inches high; flowers in spike, pale pink, fragrant.

POLYPODIUM SP. 614 On rocks, Isso River, Yakushima, small fern, narrow
lanceolate frond, rounded at apex.

235773-794 Plants collected on Yaku and Tanega Islands, Japan. Nov. 16-Dec. 10,

23 DIC

ZS

235775

235776

(ESS) TITLL

235778

235779

235780

235781

235782

1956.

ASARUM SP. 677 Along mountain railroad, Kosugidani, Yakushima. Leaves
large cordate, variegated; flowers purple.

ASARUM SP. 710 Between Ambo and Miyanoura, Yakushima. Large leaves,
handsome white variegations over entire leaf.

ASARUM SP. 711 Between Ambo and Miyanoura, Yakushima. Small-leaved
species with variegation restricted to white dots.

BUXUS MICROPHYLLA var. JAPONICA 658 At Hana-no-ego, 4, 800 feet,
Yakushima. Typical, but from high elevation.

CHLORANTHUS SP. 721 Isso River, Yakushima. Small evergreen shrub with
coarsely serrate leaves; bright yellow fruit.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SP. 704 Along roadside, between Kurio and Onoaida,
Yakushima. Species with leaves tomentose beneath; flowers white.

DENDROBIUM SP. 683 Along logging trail above Kurio, Yakushima. An
epiphyte, leaves lanceolate; flowers not seen.

DENDROBIUM SP. 706 Along stream on rocks, between Kurio and Onoaida.
Epiphytic orchid; flowers not seen. Probably same as 235779.

EURYA YAKUSIMENSIS 654 At Hana-go-ego, 4, 800 feet, sub-alpine zone,
Yakushima, Small evergreen shrub, leaves ovate and crenate; flowers white,

fruit black. A distinct and hardy species. Not in cultivation.

GESNERIACEAE 716 Isso River, Yakushima, Prostrate plant on rocks,
leaves coarse, large, coarsely serrate; flowers not seen.

= Bil ce

235783 GOODYERA SP. 697 Between Kurio and Onoaida. Small terrestrial orchid in
moist shady areas, with distinct variegation along midrib of leaf.

235784 GOODYERA VELUTINA 682 Along logging trail above Kurio, Yakushima,
Terrestrial orchid, white markings along veins; flowers pink.

235785 HYPERICUM YAKUSIMENSE 679 At Hana-no-ego, 4, 800 feet in alpine bog.
Dwarf species among mosses, rare.

235786 JUNIPERUS CHINENSIS var. SARGENTII 656 At Hana-no-ego, 4, 800 feet,
Yakushima. A dense procumbent form leaves thread-like dark green.

235787 LYCOPODIUM SUBDISTICHUM 684 On tree trunks, in moist mountain forest,
Kurio, Yakushima. Lycopod with long trailing stems, leaves narrowly pointed.

235788 TRICHOMANES SP. 718 Along Isso River, Yakushima. Delicate fern, leaves
pinnate, pinnae divided.

235789 UNDET. (ORCHID) 678 Above Kosugi-dani, 4,200 feet, Yakushima. Terres-
trial, small orchid, leaves narrow, lanceolate; flowers not seen.

235790 UNDET. (ORCHID) 703 Along stream between Kurio and Onoaida, Yakushima.
Small epiphyte, leaves ovoid, forming a rosette; flowers not seen.

235791 UNDET. (ORCHID) 709 Along stream between Kurio and Onoaida, Yakushima.
Small epiphyte, leaves thick and fleshy.

235792 UNDET. (ORCHID) 717 Isso River, Yakushima. Terrestrial species, leaves
forming a rosette; flowers purple on short spike.

235793 UNDET. (ORCHID) 719 Along Isso River, Yakushima. Epiphyte with thick
heeled leaves, narrow lanceolate.

235794 UNDET. (ORCHID) 720 Along Isso River, Yakushima. In moist humus of
conifer forest. A terrestrial species with broad lanceolate leaves, surface
faintly variegated; flowers yellow-brown.

235891-953 CHRYSANTHEMUM varieties from Seikoen Nursery, Kanemaru, Hiro-
shima-ken.

235891 Asinanosugata - large tubular pink
235892 Asinanoyuki - large tubular white
235893 Benitaiyo - slender tubular pink

235894 Hakutiyonomai -slender tubular white
235895 Himekomati - slender tubular purple
235896 Hosizukiya - slender tubular purple
235897 Kiyoukomati - slender tubular red
235898 Kotiyounomai - slender tubular yellow
235899 Maitidori - slender tubular purple
235900 Maizikanokoe - slender tubular red
235901 Okinanotome - slender tubular white
235902 Okitunami - large tubular pink

235903 Ougnnohikare - slender tubular yellow
235904 Sakuramurasame - slender tubular pink
235905 Seikobizan - slender tubular red
235906 Seikokinsei - large tubular yellow and red

Bey

235907 Seikonosugata - large tubular white
235908 Seikonouma - slender tubular pink
235909 Seigiyokunohikare - large tubular purple
235910 Taihobizan - slender tubular pink
235911 Taihoemaki - slender tubular pink
235912 Tatutagaya - slender tubular red
235913 Tiyonoyuki - slender tubular white
235914 Toriyumom - large incurved pink
235915 Totenko - slender tubular red

235916 Uguisunokoe - slender tubular yellow
235917 Urakiyokunoaki - slender tubular pink
235918 Utatane - slender tubular red

235919 Utiyudan - large incurved red

235920 Yozakura - large incurved purple

235921
235922

125 - slender tubular white
161 - slender tubular yellow

235923 173 - large incurved purple

235924 1007
235925 1028
235926 1042
235927 1125
235928 1150
235929 1363
235930 1154
235931 1158
235932 1159
235933 1186
235934 1189
235935 1194
235936 1208
235937 1209
235938 1218
235939 1220
235940 1270
235941 1306
235942 1309
235943 1312
235944 1318
235945 1323
235946 1325
235947 1334
235948 1338
235949 1341
235950 1343
235951 1344
235952 1346
235953 1352

- slender tubular pink

slender tubular yellow
slender tubular pink
large tubular pink
large tubular white
large tubular yellow
slender tubular white
slender tubular red
slender tubular white
slender tubular bronze
large tubular yellow
large tubular pink
slender tubular red
slendér tubular bronze
large incurved purple
slender tubular red
large incurved white
large tubular yellow
large tubular purple
large ball pink

large tubular yellow
large ball yellow
large single yellow
slender tubular white
large tubular yellow
large tubular yellow
large ball white

large ball yellow
large ball white

large ball white

235954-990 Plants collected on Yaku, Tanega Islands and from southern Kyushu, Nov.
l6*= Dec. 10, 1956.

235954 AERIDES JAPONICUM 745 Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanigashima. Small epiphyte
on logs, flowers whitish.

235955 DIPLAZIOPSIS JAVANICA 712 Along stream, between Ambo and Miyanoura,
Yakushima. Large evergreen fern with thick leathery fronds.

ae ehcp

235956 ARISAEMA SP. 666 Above Kosugidani, 3,600 feet, Yakushima,

235957 CALANTHE AUSTRO-KIUSIUENSIS 754 Along stream, Furuta Nat. Forest,
Tanegashima. Terrestrial orchid, leaves large, ovate; flowers white, to pink.

235958 CALANTHE SP. 767 Onigasawa Forest, Tanegashima. Large terrestrial
orchid, flowers white or pink.

235959 CALANTHE SP. 771 Hirakiki Mt. about 1,200 feet, Satsuma Pref. terrestrial
species, large leaves, veins prominent.

235960 CALANTHE SP. 775 Hirakikiyama, Satsuma Pref. Terrestrial species,
leaves more or less prostrate, dark green, leathery.

235961 CELASTRUS PUNCTATUS 737 Along sand dunes, Nishi-no-omote, Tanegashima.
Deciduous climber, stems angular; leaves ovate, serrate; fruit red.

235962 CHEIROSTYLUS SP. 736 Tachimoto Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Small epiphyte,
flowers not seen.

235963 CIRRHOPETALUM MAKINOANUM 769 Onigasawa Nat. Forest, Tanegashima.
Epiphytic orchid, leaves fleshy; flowers purple.

235964 CLEMATIS CRASSIFOLIA 753 Along sunny road, on Cryptomeria, Furuta Nat.
Forest, Tanegashima. Evergreen vine, leaves ovate, fleshy; flowers in dense
clusters, white, marked purple.

235965 CYMBIDIUM NAGIFOLIUM 751 Furuta National Forest, Tanegashima. Terres-
trial, leaves fleshy; flowers greenish-white.

235966 CYMBIDIUM SIMONSIANUM 743 Along stream, Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanega-
shima. Epiphyte, leaves long, grasslike; flowers yellow.

235967 CYMBIDIUM VIRESCENS 776 Hirakiki Yama, Satsuma Pref, Terrestrial with
narrow leaves; flowers not seen.

235968 EURYA EMARGINATA var. MICROPHYLLA 787 Harada Garden, Kurume. A
form with tiny round leaves; rare.

235969 GOODYERA MAXIMOWICZIANA 774 Hirakiki Nat. Forest, Satsuma Pref.,
Terrestrial orchid with pink stripe down leaf midrib. Flowers pink.

235970 LINDSAYA SP. 649 In mountains above Kosugedani, 3,000 feet, Yakushima.
Small evergreen fern, growing on moist granite, among mosses.

235971 LUISIA TERES 585 Above sea road between Nagata and Yoshida, Yakushima.
Epiphyte, leaves terete; flowers small, yellow.

235972 PHAJUS MACULATUS var. MINOR 773 Hirokiki Mt. Satsuma Pref. Similar to
235974 but with smaller leaves and smaller spotting.

235973 OSMANTHUS SP. 786 From Horticultural Field Sta. Kurume. Variegated
form, probably O. fragrans.

235974 PHAJUS MACULATUS 750 Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Terrestrial
leaves marked with handsome yellow spots; flowers 2 to 3 inches high, yellow.

Bic yes

235975 PSILOTUM NUDUM 764 Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Typical wild form.

235976 RHODODENDRON KIUSIANUM 785 From Kyushu Agri. Exp. Sta., Kurume,
white form.

235977-984 RHODODENDRON SP. Horticultural Varieties from Kyushu Agri. Exp.
Sta., Kurume.

235977 777 Hirado strain - Tanima no yuki, white

235978 778 Hirado strain - Eiko, Reddish purple

235979 779 Hirado strain - Hei-wa-no-hikari - solmon

235980 780 Hirado strain - Ruriko, purple, large

235981 781 Hirado strain - Myoken, pink

235982 782 Hirado strain - Momoyama, pink, large

235983 783 Hirado strain - Tensho, pin, large

235984 784 Akashi hybrid - Miyonosakae, pink with white center

235985 SYMPLOCOS LUCIDA 747 Furuta National Forest, Tanegashima. Evergreen
shrub to 8 feet, leaves alternate; fruit blackish.

235986 TROPIDIA NIPPONICA 744 Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Small terres-
trial orchid, leaves ovate, veins prominent.

235987 PHAJUS SP. 727 Along shady bank, Koseda, Yakushima. Large terrestrial
flowers pink.

235988 TRICHOMANES SP. 731 Along streams, Tachimoto Nat. Forest, Tanegashima.
Handsome evergreen climbing fern, fronds lanceolate, deeply cut, transparent.

235989 OBERONIA SP. 732 Along stream bed, Tachimoto Nat. Forest, Tanegashima.
Small epiphytic orchid, with dichotomous branching; flowers not seen.

235990 ORCHIS SP. 768 Onigasawa Forest, Tanegashima. Terrestrial species, large
leaves; flowers white, up to 50 or more ona stalk.

236013-015 ARALIA CORDATA Ministry of Agriculture, Special Products Section,
Tokyo.
236013 ARALIA CORDATA 793 Purple bud type
014 ARALIA CORDATA 794 Aichi bozu
015 ARALIA CORDATA 795 Kan udo

236016 CORNUS KOUSA 792 Open fields near Aokigahara Forest, Fuji Yama. A red
flowered form; wild.

236017-019 Plants from garden of Dr. H. Takeda, Tokyo

236017 BOEHMERIA BILOBA
236018 SAXIFRAGA FORTUNEI
236019 TRICYRTIS FORMOSANA

236020-024 Plants from Saitama Plant Acclimatization Garden, Angyo, Saitama-ken

23620 ILEX CRENATA - variegated form

236021 ILEX CRENATA - variegated form

236022 ILEX SERRATA - white fruited

236023 ILEX SERRATA var. SIEBOLDI

236024 ILEX SUGEROKI var. LONGIPEDUNCULATA

- 35 -

236028-039 CHRYSANTHEMUM varieties from Shinjuku Imperial Garden, Tokyo

236028 Bijo no obi 236034 Misogi
236029 Hakusa 236035 Namari
236030 Hikari 236036 Tomari
236031 Ishibumi 236037 Toyamanoyuki
236032 Kinkocho 236038 Yakikoyama
A36033 f/zash 236039 Yukin

236040-079 CHRYSANTHEMUM varieties from Shuho Nursery, Kanemaru, Ashina,
Hiroshima, Japan

236040 Beni-Taiyo
236041 Einno - Izumi
236042 Hagino-Siratum
236043 Hagoromo

236044 Hakuon

236045 Hanagasumi
236046 How-o

236047 Jinton

236048 Jugoya-Zyugoya
236049 Kaorn-Kikusui
236050 Kashino-Neiro
236051 Kisetu

236052 Kinkazan

236053 Kinzanno-Nagare
236054 Kiunno-Kagazaki
236055 Konagare

236056 Konkokuno-Sadamari
236057 Maiogi

236058 Mangetuno-Sirabe
236059 Meikyo

236060 Momizino-Sato
236061 Nanenno-Kimami
236062 Renkano-Tomo
236063 Seigun

236064 Seikino-Yume
236065 Shuho-no-Akatuki
236066 Shuhouno-Bi
236067 Sihon

236068 Sinnhonno-Hikari
236069 Sinhonno-Bigyoku
236070 Sinrokuno-Aki
236071 Sinrokuno-Sugata
236072 Sinrokuno-Tuga
236073 Siraho

236074 Siratakasuno-homare
236075 Soburen

236076 Takino-Momizi
236077 Tengokuno-Sirabe
236078 Toyamano Kuma
236079 Zuisei

236115-124 Plants purchased from Mr. S. Sugiyama, Yamato Noyen Nursery, Yama-
moto, Hyogo-ken

3 BO 6

236115 ANGRAECUM - Seito fukurin

236116 ANGRAECUM - Suruga fukurin

236117 ANGRAECUM - Toto fukurin

236118 RHODEA JAPONICA - Gunyo

236119 RHODEA JAPONICA - Kinshorin

236120 RHODEA JAPONICA - Kokonrin

236121 RHODEA JAPONICA - Kotobuki

236122 RHODEA JAPONICA - Nimen Korio Fukurin
236123 RHODEA JAPONICA - Ryukosei

236124 RHODEA JAPONICA - Shima kouryu

236125-128 CHRYSANTHEMUM Varieties from Hirakata Municipal Garden, Hirakata
City

236125 Kari no tsuki - white
236126 Kokyo no aki - yellow
236127 Miyama nishiki - orange
236128 Taiho no hana - red

236129 ASTER ASAGRAYI K. Suzuki Nursery, Tomiuko-machi, Kanagawa, Yoko-
hama. A small perennial rock garden species, with bright purple flowers;
native to Amamioshima.

236130-135 PSILOTUM NUDUM Varieties from Mr. T. Rokujo, Toshima-ku, Tokyo

236130 Howo yanagi
236131 Kinkaku
236132 Kin tsukumo
236133 Orizuru
236134 Sankonishiki
236135 Sui shoraku

236136-140 PSILOTUM NUDUM Varieties from Tai-haku Nursery, Asaki-machi, Gose,
Nara Pref.

236136 No.
236137 No.
236138 No.
236139 No.
236140 No.

Oa PWN Re

236158-207 CHRYSANTHEMUM Varieties from Mr. S. Takahaski, Ki-Machi, Mishima
City, Japan

236158 Ashina-no-yuki - white
236159 Arima-no-aki - light brown
236160 Benitaiyo - red

236161 Daj Kokka - red

236162 Fukusuke - pink

236163 Furusato-no-tsuki - yellow
236164 Hanachidori - reddish yellow
236165 Hatsugari-no-koe - yellow
236166 Himekomachi - light purple red
236167 Hototogisu - yellow

236168 Itsukushima-no-kei - purple
236169 Kinen-no-sakura - pink

Eel (aaa

236170 Kintaro - yellow

236171 Kishi - yellow

236172 Kogen-no-tsuki - white
236173 Kokaji - yellow

236174 Kokka - white

236175 Konan - brocade

236176 Kumoi - white

236177 Kyukatyo - pink

236178 Mangetsu-no-shirabe - yellow
236179 Momokanoko - pink

236180 Nishiki-no-sode - yellow
236181 Ogon-no-izumi - yellow
236182 Rosei-no-yume - light pink
236183 Sanyo-no-tsuki - yellow
236184 Sanyo-no-yuki - white
236185 Seiki-no-hanna - white
236186 Seikokinesei #1 - yellow
236187 Seikokinesi #2 - yellow
236188 Shiga-no-hikari - purple
236189 Shiga-no-miyako - pink
236190 Shikinran - red

236191 Shinnen-no-yuki - white
236192 Shinroku-no-shiori - pink
236193 Shinroku-no-sugata - pink
236194 Shinroku-no-yamabuki - yellow
236195 Susomoyo - white

236196 Syokasen - white

236197 Syowa-no-sakae - yellow
236198 Taiheiraku - yellow

236199 Taiho-no-hana - red
236200 Taiho-no-mine - white
236201 Taiho-no-tsuki - white
236202 Takachibo - yellow

236203 Tamadsuki - pink

236204 Tenshi - white

236205 Tsuki-no-miyako - white
236206 Yume-no-kayoifi - light pink
236207 Zyugoya - white

236210-254; 236419-420 Horticultural varieties of plants purchased from Nakada
Nursery, Angyo, Kawaguchi, Saitamaken

236210 AUCUBA JAPONICA #1 variegated
236211 AUCUBA JAPONICA #2 variegated
236212 ARDISIA CRISPA

236213-221 CAMELLIA SASANQUA varieties

236213 Ginryu

236214 Hiya asobi
236215 Motio no sio
236216 Negi si beni
236217 Oho mi goromo
236218 Setugetuka
236219 Setsusan
236220 Showa no sakae
236221 Tuki no kasa

Bese

236222 CHAMAECYPARIS PISIFERA var. SQUARROSA (variegated)
236223-232 CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA varieties
236223 Araucarioides

236224 Cristata

236225 Ikari sugi

236226 Jindai sugi

236227 Ogon sugi

236228 Spinolis

236229 Taisho tamasugi

236230 Yoshino sugi

236231 Dwarf #1

236232 Dwarf #2

236233 ILEX CRENATA var. NUMMULARIA
236234 ILEX CRENATA Variety Sirofokurin
236235-236 JUNIPERUS CHINENSIS

236235 Ogon-Ibuki
236236 Tama-Ibuki

236237 MAHONIA FORTUNEI
236238-239 NANDINA DOMESTICA

236238 Goshiki Nanten
236239 Sasaba Nanten

236240 OSMANTHUS FRAGRANS var. THUNBERGII
236241 OSMANTHUS ILICIFOLIUS Ogon hiragi

236242 PACHYSANDRA TERMINALIS var. VARIEGATA
236244-245 TERNSTROEMIA JAPONICA

236244 Hagikano - variegated
236245 Magohachi - variegated

236246-247 THEA SINENSIS Varieties

236246 Microphylla
236247 Beni bana cha

236248-249 THUJOPSIS DOLABRATA

236248 Nana
236249 Variegata

236250 TRACHELOSPERMUM ASIATICUM, Variety Hatuyuki katura - leaves of sev-
eral colors.

236251 VIBURNUM ODORATISSIMUM - variegated

BZ Oe

236252-

236252
Z36253
236254

236255

236256

236257
236258
236259

236260

236262
236263

236265

236419

236420

254 ZELKOVA SERRATA varieties
Fuiri keaki (variegated)

Shidare keaki (weeping)

Tukumo keaki (dwarf)

ANGELICA MAYEBARANA Kagoshima Univ. Botanic Garden, Kyushu. Herb
with columbine-like leaves; flowers in umbel, white.

BRASSICA OLERACEA variety VIRIDIS T. Sakata, Yokohama, Japan. White
Nagoya type ornamental kale.

(As above) Red Nagoya type
(As above) White Tokyo type
(As above) Red Tokyo type

DISTY LIUM RACEMOSUM. Seed from trees in Gegu Shrine, Ise City, Mie
Preis Evergreen tree.

HEMEROCALLIS SP. About 2,400 feet altitude. Yatsugatake Mts.
HEMEROCALLIS THUNBERGII About 3, 600 feet altitude. Yatsugatake Mts.
SPILANTHES OLERACEA From Ministry of Agriculture, Tokyo, A prostrate
herbaceous plant; flowers yellow, in small button-like heads. Blooms profusely
during July and August.

CAMELLIA SASANQUA - Kougoku

CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA - Midori sugi

Seeds collected on Yaku and Tanega Islands, also southern Kyushu, Nov. 16-Dec. 10,

237835

237836

237837

237838

237839

237840

19565 ;

ACER RUFINERVE 687 Along mountain stream above Kurio, Yakushima.
Handsome maple to 30 feet, barked striped, petioles red, leaves 3 to 5 lobed,
fall color yellow.

ADINA SP. 685 Above Kurio, in mountain forest at 1,200 feet, Yakushima.
Evergreen tree to 25 feet, leaves ovate, entire; fruit a ball-like capsule on
long stalks.

ALPINIA KUMATAKE 596 Along sea road, near Miyanoura, Yakushima. Her-
baceous plant, leaves broad lanceolate; fruit, large, red, in spines.

ALPINIA SPECIOSA 739 Along sandy knolls, Nishi-no-omote, Tanegashima.
Large herbaceous plant; flowers white, fruit a capsule, many seeded.

PEUCEDANUM JAPONICUM 715 Along seacoast between Ambo and Miyanoura,
Yakushima. Herbaceous plant, flowers white in umbels, stalks 12 inches long.

ARDISIA CRENATA 674 Below Kosuge dani, 1, 800 feet, Yakushima. Ever-
green shrub to 2 feet, leaves ovate, crenate; fruit red in large clusters,

SPA Que

237841

237842

237843

237844

237845

237846

237847

237848

237849

237850

237851

237852

237853

237854

237855

237856

ARDISIA CRISPA 652 Along mountain path, Kosuge dani, Yakushima. Ever-
green shrub, leaves narrow lanceolate, crenate; fruit red in panicles on long
stalks.

ARDISIA JAPONICA 788 Along roadside near Tachikawa, Tokyo-to. Small
ground covering species to 6 inches, fruit red, solitary, large.

ARDISIA SP. 622 Along Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima.
Evergreen tree to 20 feet, leaves alternate, ovate; fruit reddish black, in
clusters.

ARDISIA SP. 623 Along Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima.
Evergreen tree to 15 feet, leaves elliptic, dark green above, pale beneath;
fruit round, reddish, in clusters.

ARDISIA SP. 694 Along seacoast, Onoaida, Yakushima. Small evergreen tree,
leaves pale green, clustered at tips of branches, elliptic; fruit red.

ARISAEMA SP. 666 Along Mt. path above Kosugi dani, about 3, 600 feet,
Yakushima.

ARISAEMA SP. 670 Along Mt. path above Kosugi dani, about 3, 000 feet,
Yakushima.

ARISAEMA SP. 763 Along roadside, near Anno, Tanegashima. Tall species to
4 feet, two leaves divided into 7 parts; seeds red.

ARISAEMA SP. 772 Hirakiki mountains, about 1,200 feet, Satsuma Pref.
Typical of genus.

BREDIA HIRSUTA 676 Below Kosugi dani, in moist rocky shaded places. A
sub-shrub, with succulent stems; flowers in terminal clusters, purple.

BUDDLEIA CURVIFLORA 708 Along searoad, between Kurio and Ambo, Yaku-
shima. A shrub to 8 feet, leaves broad lanceolate; flowers in long pointed
panicles, purple.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. LUXURIANS 621 Along logging road in Manno
Nat. Forest, Miyanoura, Yakushima. Shrub to 15 feet, leaves large ovate,
narrowly pointed; fruit bright purple, in dense clusters.

CALLICARPA TOSAENSIS 601 Along sea road, between Miyanoura and Isso,
Yakushima. Deciduous shrub to 10 feet, leaves ovate - lanceolate; fruit in
dense panicles.

CAMELLIA SASANQUA 791 Upper reaches of Miyanoura River, Manno Nat.
Forest, Yakushima. Typical for species but rather high elevation.

CAMELLIA HAYAOI 660 Above Kosugi dani, about 4,200 feet, Yakushima, A
camellia species newly described and closely related to C. japonica, charac-
terized by large shiny black fruit. Probably has same standing as does C.
rusticana.

CANAVALIA LINEATA 693 Seaside plant, Onoaida, Yakushima. Vine, leaves

trifoliate, leaflets ovate; flowers yellow in short raceme, a legume with large
seeds.

nee tars

237857 CINNAMOMUM BREVIFOLIUM 713 Along seacoast between Ambo and Miyanoura,
Yakushima, Evergreen shrub, foliage dense, leaves ovate, small; fruit black.

237858 CINNAMOMUM DAPHNOIDES 740 Used as small street tree, Nichi-no-omote,
Tanegashima. A small tree, shrubby, leaves ovate, tomentose beneath; fruit
black. Tolerant of dry, arid conditions.

237859 CINNAMOMUM PEDUNCULATUM 605 Isso River, Yakushima. Evergreen
tree, stems yellow-green, leaves ovate, fruit on long stalks; black.

237860 CRAWFURDIA TRINERVIS 564 Along road from Kinomoto to Oase, Kii, Waka-
yama Pref. Scandant herbaceous species; flowers pale purple, tubular, fruit
reddish purple.

237861 DAMNACANTHUS INDICUS 789 Upper reaches, Miyanoura River, Manno Nat.
Forest, Yakushima. Small evergreen shrub, leaves opposite, entire,stipules
as spines; fruit red.

237862 DAPHNE SP. 675 Below Kosugidani, sunny banks, Yakushima. Evergreen tree
to 15 feet, leaves entire except a few tip serrations; fruit blue.

237863 DAPHNIPHYLLUM MACROPODUM 604 Above Isso River, Yakushima. Tall
evergreen tree, markedly characterized by red coloring on leaf stalks; fruit
black.

237864 DENDROPANAX TRIFIDA 733 Tachimoto Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Small
shapely tree leaves entire or 3 to 5 lobed; fruit purple black.

237865 DESMODIUM SP. 620 Along sea road, between Miyanoura and Isso. Small
leguminous shrub, leaves trifoliate; pod a lomentum.

237866 DESMODIUM SP. 646 (Legume) Along Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest,
Yakushima. Small woody shrub to 3 feet, leaves trifoliate; pod a lomentum.

237867 ELAEAGNUS CRISPA 588 Along roadside, between Isso and Miyanoura, Yaku-
shima. Small tree or shrub, semi-evergreen, leaves silvery beneath; fruit
round, pale red with minute, scaly hairs; edible,

237868 ELAEOCARPUS JAPONICUS 603 Along stream bed, Isso River, Yakushima.
Evergreen tree, bark gray, leaves in terminal clusters, whorled, ovate with
serrate margin; fruit in raceme, bright blue.

237869 EUGENIA SP. 600 Along stream near Tomaiki, Yakushima. Evergreen shrub
to 10 feet, bark light brown, leaves opposite entire; fruit black.

237870 EUGENIA SP. 671 Below Kosugi dani, 3,300 feet, Yakushima. Evergreen
shrub, leaves opposite, entire; fruit terminal, black.

237871 EURYA JAPONICA 650 In mountains above Kosugi dani, Yakushima. Ever-
green shrub, leaves alternate, crenate; fruit black, axillary on short stalks.

237872 GORDONIA ANOMALA 790 Botanic Garden, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima
Pref. Tree to 18 feet, probably evergreen; flowers large, white, fragrant.

237873 HELICIA COCHINCHINENSIS 741 Along road near Nakata, Tanegashima. Small
evergreen tree, leaves alternate, ovate, crenate, dark green. Cultivated,
sutied to dry conditions.

EC Wes

237874

237875

237876

237877

237880

237878

237879

237881

237882

237883

237884

237885

237886

237887

237888

237889

IDESIA POLYCARPA 746 Along road near Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanegashima.
Deciduous tree to 25 feet or more; fruit red, in large pendant clusters.

ILEX HANCEANA 752 Along roadside, Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanegashima.
Evergreen holly to 25 feet, leaves broad-ovate, entire; fruit red, small, per-
haps smallest of all species noted.

ILEX INTEGRA 608 Along Isso River, Isso Yakushima. Tree to 30 feet, ever-
green; fruit large red, ovoid.

ILEX LIUKIUENSIS 587 Along banks of Isso River, Isso, Yakushima. Hand-
some evergreen holly to 20 feet, leaves dark green, glossy, slightly undulate;
fruit red in dense clusters, small.

ILEX LIUKIUENSIS 607 Along Isso River, Yakushima. Evergreen holly to 20
feet, leaves dark shiny green, ovate; fruit red in 2 to 5 fruited clusters, small.

ILEX MUTCHAGARA 659 Above Kosugi dani, near Hana-no-ego, about 4, 500
feet, Yakushima. Small tree to 15 feet, evergreen, leaves crenate; fruit black,
2 to 3 ina cluster.

ILEX ROTUNDA 681 Along coastal road between Ambo and Manyu, Yakushima.
Evergreen species to 30 feet, leaves large, broad ovate, entire; fruit red,
often small, but exceptionally large in this locality.

ILLICIUM RELIGIOSUM 663 Above Kosugi dani, about 3, 600 feet, Yakushima.
Evergreen tree to 20 feet, leaves clustered, ovate, lanceolate, entire; fruita
flattish capsule in 8 sections.

JUNIPERUS CONFERTA 738 Along sand dunes near Nishi-no-omote, Tanega-
shima. Prostrate species, main stems lying flat, secondary branches ascending;
berries large purple. Stems rooting in sand.

KADSURA JAPONICA 593 Along Nagata River, Yakushima. Vine-like shrub,
evergreen, leaves oval, shiny; flowers yellowish white; berries scarlet.

LAGERSTROEMIA FAURIEI 686 Above Kurio, in mountain forest, about 1, 200
feet, Yakushima. Handsome tree about 20 feet tall with red-brown bark, flaked
green; fruit a capsule with 10 to 20 seeds.

LECANORCHIS JAPONICA 615 Moist shady banks, Isso River, Yakushima.
Terrestrial orchid, leafless stems; seed pods about 2 inches long, flowers not
seen.

LITHOCARPUS EDULIS 729 Tachimoto Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Evergreen
oak with large oblong edible acorns.

LONICERA SP. 700 Along roadside between Kurio and Onoaida, Yakushima.
Vine, leaves ovate; fruit on long stalk, large, black, several to a cluster.

MITCHELLA UNDULATA 653 Moist woods, above Kosugi dani, about 3, 600
feet, Yakushima. Prostrate evergreen species, leaves ovate; fruit small, red.

MORINDA UMBELLATA 594 Along roadside, between Miyanoura and Isso,
Yakushima. Scandant evergreen with broad leaves; fruit orange.

mara ee

237890 PSYCHOTRIA SERPENS 589 Along rocky stream, Isso River, Yakushima.
Evergreen vine, leaves opposite, narrow ovate; fruit white, Especially attrac-
tive vine.

237891 PSYCHOTRIA SP. 624 Along Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yaku-
shima. Small evergreen shrub, leaves leathery, oblong; fruit in a corymb, red.

237892 PSYCHOTRIA SP. 705 Seaside plant, along rocky ravines, Onoaida, Yaku-
shima. Evergreen tree, leaves clustered or whorled, dark green, ovate-
lanceolate; fruit red.

237893 QUERCUS GILVA 742 Along forest road, Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanegashima.
Evergreen tree to 40 feet, leaves ovate, brittle, sharp teeth.

237894 QUERCUS GLAUCA 749 Along forest stream, Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanega-
shima. Evergreen oak, leaves ovate, rounded at base, teeth at apex.

237895 QUERCUS WRIGHTII 698 Along seacoast road, Onoaida, Yakushima. Beach
plant, evergreen shrubby tree, leaves tomentose beneath.

237896 QUERCUS SP. 730 Along stream bed, Tachimoto Nat. Forest, Tanegashima,
Evergreen species, probably 60 feet, acorns ovate, large.

237897 RAPHIOLEPIS SP. 726 Along stream bed, Koseda, Yakushima. Small ever-
green tree, to 20 feet, leaves whorled, shiny, finely crenate; fruit blackish.

237898 RAPHIOLEPIS SP, 734 In Tachimoto Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Tall tree,
evergreen, fruit black large; impossible to secure a specimen of tree.

237899 RHAMNUS SP. 657 Above Kosugi dani, about 1400 meters, Yakushima. De-
ciduous tree to 30 feet, leaves ovate-lanceolate; fruit round, black, on short
stalks.

237900 SARCANDRA GLABRA 595. Along seacoast road, semi shade, moist rock,
Miyanoura, Yakushima. Evergreen subshrub, leaves, ovate coarsely toothed;
fruit in terminal clusters, orange to yellow.

237901 SARCANDRA GLABRA 766 Onigasawa Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Similar to
595 but a dark red fruited form. I have seen both forms growing extensively.

237902 SKIMMIA JAPONICA 673 Along logging road below Kosugidani, Yakushima.
Evergreen shrub, stems greenish, leaves clustered; fruit in terminal cluster,
red.

237903 SMILAX CHINA 597 Along sea road at Tomaiko, Miyanoura, Yakushima. Large
vigorous species, few thorns; fruit large, showy, bright red in many-fruited
hanging clusters.

237904 SOLANUM SP. 599 Along stream bed near Tomaiko, Miyanoura, Yakushima.
Perennial, herbaceous, leaves broad ovate; fruit round, bright red, prominent
calyx.

237905 SORBUS SP. 655 At Hana-no-ego, 1600 meters, Yakushima. Tree to 20 feet,
deciduous; fruit, red in large cluster.

237906 SORBUS SP. 680 Above Kosugi dani, about 4,500 feet, Yakushima. Deciduous
tree to 20 feet; fruit, red, stalked.

Boe '7, pe

237907

239702

237908

237909

237910

Zar oet

237912

230913

237914

237915

237916

STACHYURUS LANCIFOLIUS 619 Along Isso River, Yakushima. Deciduous
tree, yellow flowers before the leaves, small in short raceme.

SYMPLOCOS LUCIDA 747 Along sunny road, Furuta Nat. Forest, Tanegashima.
Evergreen shrub, to 8 feet, leaves alternate, ovate finely crenate; fruit black.
Seeds.

TROCHODENDRON ARALIOIDES 664 Above Kosugidani, about 4, 350 feet,
Yakushima. Evergreen tree to 60 feet, leaves ovate to obovate, clustered at
tips of branchlets; fruit a capsule.

TURPINA TURNATA 695 Along seacoast, Onoaida, Yakushima. Evergreen
shrub, leaves ovate, veins conspicuously depressed; fruit red in terminal
clusters.

VACCINIUM BRACTEATUM 586 Along rocky river bed, Isso River, Yaku-
shima. Small evergreen tree to 15 feet, leaves alternate, narrowly ovate; fruit
racemose, black.

VACCINIUM SP. 707 Along coastal road between Kurio and Onoaida, Yaku-
shima. Evergreen species to 15 feet, leaves ovate, shining green; fruit reddish.

VILLEBRUNEA PEDUNCULOSA 699 Along stream between Kurio and Onoaida,
Yakushima. Evergreen tree to 20 feet, leaves ovate, thin; flowers borne along
stem on last years wood, greenish, typical of urticaceous plants.

WIKSTROEMIA SP. 662 Above Kosugidani, 3,300 feet, Yakushima. Evergreen
tree to 30 feet, leaves ovate, crenulate, shiny green; fruit black, small,
elongate.

UNDET. 647 Along Miyanoura River, Manno Nat. Forest, Yakushima. Tree to
18 feet, evergreen, leaves elliptic, serrate; fruit black in short cluster.
Probably same as 622, (Ardisia sp, 237843)

UNDET. 722 Along Isso River, on rocky stream bank, Yakushima. Evergreen
tree, 25 feet tall, leaves alternate, obovate, margin crenate; fruit greenish-

blue.

UNDET. 735 In Tachimoto Nat. Forest, Tanegashima. Evergreen shrub, fruit
black. Probably a Vaccinium.

AAR 2

A

Acer
237835

Actinodaphne
235495

Adina
237836

Aerides
235954

Ainsliaea
(axa (Al

Alpinia
235496
237838-39

Alsophila
235304

Angelica
236255

Angiopteris
235305

Angraecum
236115-17

Aralia
236013-15

Ardisia
235307-08
236212
237840-45

Arisaema
235247-48
235309
235420-21
235956
237846-49

GENERIC INDEX TO INTRODUCTIONS

Asarum
235310-11
235567
235737-44
235773-75

Asparagus
235497

Asplenium
235312
235745

Aster
236129

Aucuba
236210-11

B

Bauhinia
235313

Berchemia
235210

Betula
235128

Bladhia
236212

Boehmeria

236017

Brassica
236256-59

Bredia
237850

Buddleia
237851

Buxus
235776

c
Calanthe
235746
235957-60

Callicarpa
235498-99
237852-53

Camellia
235249-56
235314-15
235500
235568-73
236246-47
236213-21
236419
236854-55
236420
237854-55

Canavalia
237856

Carpinus
235633

Castanopsis
Z35501

Celastrus
235961

Chamaecyparis
235130
236222

Cheirostylus
235962

Cheiropleuria
235747

Chloranthus
ASST U

= 25

Chrysanthemum
235257
235316
235615-30
235778
235891-953
236028-39
236040-79
236125-28
236158-207

Cinnamomum
237857-59

Cirrhopetalum
235963

Clematis
235748
235964

Clethra
235131

Cocculus
235503

Convallaria
(4o\5)1\ 32

Cornus
235581
236016

Corylopsis
235258
235423

Crawfurdia
237860

Crinum
235504

Cryptomeria
236223-32
236420

Cymbidium
235965-67

D
Damnacanthus
235317
237861

Daphne
237862

Daphniphyllum
235424
237863

Debregeasia
235259

Dendrobium
235749
235779-80

Dendropanax
235582
237864

Desmodium

237865-66

Dicranopteris
235318

Diplaziopsis
235955

Diplazium
235260

Distylium
Z35309
235505
236260

E
Elaeagnus
237867

Elaeocarpus
237868

Euchresta
235320
235506

Eugenia
235750
237869-70

Eurya
235425
235502
235781
235968
237871

Excoecaria
235303

F
Ficus
235261

G
Gesneriaceae
235782

Glochidion
235262

Goodyera
235751-53
235783-84
235969

Gordonia
237872

H
Helicia
237873

Hemerocallis
235133
235321
235507
235754
236262-63

Hibiscus
235631-32

Hugeria
235322

Hydrangea
235134

Hymenophyllum
235323-24

Hypericum
235785

I
Idesia
237874

Ilex
234948
235129
235135
235426
235508-09
235574
235583
236020-24
236233-34
237875-80

Illicium
237881

Indigofera
235263
235427

Iris
235264
235584

a

Juniperus
235786
236235-36
237882

K
Kadsura
237883

L

Lactuca
235265

Lagerstroemia
237884

Lacanorchis
237885

5 A =

Lasianthus
235510-12

Ligustrum
235136

Lindera
ZS SSK

Lindsaya
235970

Liparis
235325
235755-56

Lithocarpus
237886

Lonicera
237887

Luisia
235971

Lycopodium
ZS

Lysimachia
235428

M

Maesa
235429

Mahonia
236237

Meliosma
235430

Mitchella
237888

Morinda
237889

N

Nandina
236238-39

Neolitsea
235431

O

Oberonia
235989

Orchis
235990

Osmanthus
235973
236240-41

Osmunda
235266

12
Pachysandra
236242

Pellionia
235326

Peucedanum
235306
237839

Phajus
235972
235974
235987

Photinia
23553

Podocarpus
235267
235432

Polypodium
2357.12

Prunus
235268

Psilotum
235269
235293-302
(xo) 5)i( 3)h
(ENS) S) TPS)
236130-40

Psychotria
237890-92

Pteris
235200

Pyrrosa
ZS Sei

Pyrus
235575
235634

Q
Quercus
235433
235514
237983-86

a
Raphiolepis
235434
237897-98

Rhamnus
237899

Rhodea
236118-24

Rhododendron
234949
235138-39
235327
235758
235976-84

Rosa
235140
235435

Rumohra
235272

Sagenia
235759

Sarcandra
237900-01

Saxifraga
236018

Scabiosa
235141

Schizandra
235142

Sciadopitys
Z3D 515

Selaginella
235760

Skimmia
237902

Smilax
237903

Solanum
237904

Sorbus
235143
237905-06

Spilanthes
236265

Stachyurus
237907

Stauntonia
235635

Symplocos
235328-30
235985
239702

at
Taxillus
235761

Ternstroemia
235436
236244-45

Thujopsis
236248-49

Trachelospermum

(46) 3))5)I|
236250

Trichomanes
235788
235988

SAR

Tricyrtis
235332-33
236019

Trochodendron
237908

Tropidia
235986

Tsuga
235516

Tubocapsicum
255510

Turpinia
237909

Undetermined
235519-20
235762-70
235789-94
237914-16

Vv

Vaccinium
237910-11

Viburnum
235437
235518
236251

Villebrunea
237912

W

Wikstroemia
res (CS)

OY Z,

Zelkova
236252-54

Zoysia
239354

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PLATE 4

Piper kadsura and Ficus pumila, growing together
on tree trunks at Murotozaki, Shikoku.

Forest trails follow boulder-strewn streams on
Miyanouradaki, Yakushima.

PLATE 5

A forest of Phyllostachys edulis, with some cryptomeria
and undergrowth, in southern Kyushu.

The forests of Yakushima are a mixture of broadleaved

evergreen trees and cryptomeria. (Note tree fern at lower

left.)

a B36

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